Warming over the Tibetan Plateau in the last 55 years based on area-weighted average temperature

Regional Environmental Change - The Tibetan Plateau (TP), the “Third Pole” of the world, has experienced significant warming over the past several decades. Several studies have...     

Understanding the anthropogenic phosphorus pathway with substance flow analysis at the city level

Excessive input of phosphorus into natural water bodies as a result of anthropogenic processes is an escalating factor that leads to eutrophication. Hence, quantifying the pathway of phosphorus throughout the socioeconomic system is essential for the selection of appropriate measures to mitigate phosphorus discharge. The study develops an analytical model of anthropogenic phosphorus flows within a socioeconomic system based on substance flow analysis. The model consists of five major subsystems: the phosphorous chemical industry, agriculture, animal feeding, human consumption, and waste management. The results show that the total input and output of phosphorus in Chaohu City over 2008 are 8517.70 ton (t) and 4682.76 t, respectively. The estimation of phosphorus discharged into local surface water is 544.22 t, which primarily comes from agriculture (391.99 t, 72.03%), followed by large-scale farming (55.70 t, 10.23%), rural consumption (56.81 t, 10.44%), urban consumption (30.42 t, 5.59%), and waste management (9.30 t, 1.71%). Intensive input of fertilizers in agricultural practices was identified as the most important source of phosphorus load on local surface water. Hence, we propose that the eutrophication of local water bodies could be addressed by optimizing local industrial structure, developing ecological and organic-based agriculture, and improving waste collection and disposal practices.     

弯茎还阳参的化学成分

从弯茎还阳参全草中首次分离得到12个化合物,通过理化性质和波谱数据,分别鉴定为对羟基苯甲酸(1)、对羟基苯甲酸乙酯(2)、20(30)-烯-3β,21α-双羟基蒲公英烷(3)、秦皮乙素(4)、乌素酸(5)、齐墩果酸(6)、芹菜素(7)、木犀草素(8)、二十八烷酸(9)、二十五烷酸α单甘油酯(10)、胡萝卜苷(11)和木犀草素-7-葡萄糖苷(12).其中,化合物3、4、5、8在体外对小鼠黑色素瘤B16具有抑制作用.参17     

三丁基锡对中国近海常见海洋微藻的毒性效应

研究三丁基氯化锡（TBT）对中国近海常见5种硅藻和甲藻（硅藻中丹麦细柱藻（Leptocylindrus danicus）、派格棍形藻（Bacilaria paxillifera）、聚生角毛藻（Chaetoceros socialis）,甲藻中微型原甲藻（Prorocentrum minimum）、简裸甲藻（Gymnodinium simplex））的毒性效应,考察了有机锡对浮游藻光合活性（Fv/Fm）、粒径、生长的影响。结果表明：派格棍形藻、聚生角毛藻、简裸甲藻的光合活性（Fv/Fm）受TBT影响较显著;微型原甲藻、丹麦细柱藻的光合活性受TBT影响较小。高质量浓度TBT胁迫下海洋微藻峰值粒径显著减小,低质量浓度TBT对峰值粒径影响不显著。低质量浓度TBT对派格棍形藻、聚生角毛藻、简裸甲藻、微型原甲藻均有较强的毒性作用,非检测毒性浓度（NDEC）分别为1.17、1.07、0.23、3.73μg.L-1,丹麦细柱藻对TBT具有很强耐受性,NDEC为112.62μg.L-1。     

数字化技术在企业应急管理中的应用

在分析国家应急管理体系框架涵义的基础上,结合企业生产安全风险防控特点,给出企业开展应急管理工作的要点。介绍数字化技术在国内外应急管理工作平台、数字预案技术、应急通信、虚拟应急演练等方面的应用现状,分析数字化技术在各应急管理体系中的发展情况,为数字化技术在企业应急管理中的应用与进一步发展提供研究思路。     

有机改性蒙脱土的制备及其吸附脱硫性能研究

以苯基三甲基溴化铵(PTMAB)对Na基蒙脱土(Na-MMT)进行有机改性,制备有机改性蒙脱土并研究其吸附脱硫性能,初步探索吸附脱硫机理。利用气相色谱进行脱硫效果分析。实验表明:有机改性蒙脱土脱硫效果最佳可达到33.5%(脱硫率)。通过XRD、FT-IR、DGA-TGA、XPS、TEM表征Na-MMT、PTMAB-MMT,表明有机阳离子已成功插层进入蒙脱土的硅酸盐片层。分析吸附机理,得出在最佳实验条件下(60℃,吸附时间3 h)吸附脱硫过程中占据主导地位的为物理吸附。     

不同碳源对活性污泥反硝化能力的影响研究

针对城镇污水处理中碳源不足影响系统脱氮能力的问题,分别以乙酸钠、葡萄糖作为外源性碳源,考察其对活性污泥反硝化脱氮能力的影响。研究结果表明:在碳源投加量分别为50,100,200 mg/L条件下,单位(g)NO-3-N去除增量所需乙酸钠/葡萄糖的投加量分别为8.24 g/49.02g、9.62g/22.57g、—/21.07g。乙酸钠可用作城镇污水脱氮除磷过程中的高效外源性碳源,但从污水处理运行经济性来看,需根据系统实际需去除NO-3-N的量,合理确定碳源投加量。     

Engaging stakeholders in an adaptation process: governance and institutional arrangements in heat-health policy development in Adelaide, Australia

Record breaking heat waves have been recorded in Adelaide, Australia in recent years and climate change would likely increase the frequency, duration and severity of heat waves. This paper describes the governance and institutional arrangements during the development of an adaptation strategy (herein referred to as heat-health policy) for heat waves in Adelaide, Australia. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted between June and August 2011 among 18 stakeholders who were involved in the participatory process during the development of the heat-health policy. Informed consent was obtained and interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and the data analysed using framework analysis. Interview data were supplemented by data gathered through a review of documents associated with the process. The results found that the process of developing the heat-health policy was initiated by the state government and comprised of stakeholders from both the state and non-state sectors. There was a high level of leadership and political commitment demonstrated during the process, given that the different players wanted a policy to be in place before any future heat wave. A Steering Committee was established that provided coordination and oversight in addition to the Emergency Management Act within the state which provided the legislative framework during the heat-health policy development process. Although the decision-making authority was controlled by a controlled by a public institution, to a larger extent, there was collaborative decision-making by virtue of the context in which the heat-health policy was developed. An assurance mechanism established during the process was among the factors that ensured accountability during the participatory process. Overall, the development of the heat-health policy in Adelaide was largely successful, attributed to the extent of political commitment from the state government and the sound institutional and legislative framework that facilitated the process. Good governance and institutional arrangements provide the enabling environment, the structures, systems and resources that would facilitate the development of adaptation strategies such as heat-health policies.     

SPD与后备保护断路器配合性能研究

目前使用的后备保护断路器,由于不能与电涌保护器(SPD)协调配合,当电源异常或SPD劣化失效时,常导致火灾、设备遭雷击损坏事故的发生,针对这种情况,运用8/20μs、10/350μs波形模拟雷电流对多种型号后备保护器进行冲击试验测试和分断工频能力研究,对试验结果进行分析。结果表明,断路器不能限制瞬态过电压,且SPD短路失效时不能快速分断工频电流,应以SPD专用断路器取而代之。简要介绍了新型SPD专用断路器的原理,并对其性能进行了验证。     

高含硫天然气钻井环境风险评价及防范措施

天然气钻井作业由于地下情况复杂隐藏着多种不安全因素,存在着较大的环境风险。要真正减少钻井施工现场的安全事故,必须充分了解影响钻井施工安全的风险源,评估风险的危害性的大小及范围,通过抓好安全生产管理,对风险进行控制,达到安全生产施工的目标。文章分析了天然气钻井中可能出现的环境风险因素,提出预防或减缓事故的对策和措施,为钻井行业提供安全可靠的参考。