蛭石人工湿地中吸附-生物转化系统脱氮能力及其机理研究

以蛭石为吸附介质构建了3个人工湿地处理单元：跌流曝气系统(I)、挂膜蛭石床系统(Ⅱ)和无挂膜对照系统（Ⅲ）。在氨氮浓度为20 mg/L水平上,研究比较了蛭石与挂膜蛭石系统的纯基质吸附与基质吸附加生物转化脱氮能力的差异。结果表明：蛭石能有效去除废水中的氨氮。与系统Ⅲ相比,系统Ⅰ和Ⅱ的氨氮平均去除率提高了20%,且具有处理效果稳定的特点。通过跌流曝气供氧进一步提高氨氮去除率,在试验末期,系统I氨氮去除率高于系统Ⅱ24%左右。无植物处理系统中氨氮的降解主要由基质吸附和生物转化共同完成,生物转化在脱氮中的贡献率最大可达87.4%。生物转化除了硝化反硝化作用外,可能还存在厌氧氨氧化过程。相关性分析结果表明,影响人工湿地硝化反硝化强度的主要因素有溶解氧、硝化反硝化菌数量及生物膜生物量。     

张家口市水体污染现状分析及控制对策

针对张家口市目前水体的污染治理情况,分析了水体中污染物质的主要成分,并从工业、生活和农业三方面分析水体的污染情况,认为生活源污染是水体污染的主要原因。通过调整产业结构和布局、加强污水处理厂及城市管网建设、生态减污等措施防止水体污染,实现保护水资源的目的。     

基于LSSVM的石灰石浆液制取电耗优化

提出了基于最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM)构造以球磨机制浆速度作为目标优化模型,并采用遗传算法实现了给料量、给水量、漩流器入口压力等运行参数的寻优,获得了优化制浆速度的调整方式。以此方式的相应参数作为当前负荷下的基准值,能很好地解决制浆工况下运行参数基准的确定问题。通过现场试验证明:按此基准值运行,可以提高制浆速度,降低电耗。     

基于生物配位体模型的汾河铜水质基准研究

铜是山西汾河流域主要污染物之一,为准确评估流域铜暴露的生态风险,调查了汾河流域本土水生生物的毒性数据,运用生物配位体模型方法获得汾河铜的保护水生生物短期和长期水质基准值,分别为98.62和29.71 μg/L。依据铜的水质基准进行风险评价,结果显示,汾河水体中铜对水生生物属于无风险水平。

     

Biofiltration Control of Hydrogen Sulfide 2. Kinetics,Biofilter Performance,and Maintenance

The kinetics of H₂S oxidation in a biofilter were evaluated and the reaction rates determined to be first-order at low concentrations (<200 ppm), zero-order at high concentrations (>400 ppm), and fractional-order in the intermediate concentration range for H₂S in the inlet waste gas. The overall performance of the biofilter system and changes in compost properties were investigated for 200 days of operation. The compost biofiiter showed good buffering capacities to variations in gas flow rate and pollutant (H₂S) loading impacts. Hydrogen sulfide removal efficiencies exceeding 99.9% were consistently observed. System acidification and sulfate accumulation were identified as inhibitors of required biological activity. Routine washing of the compost effectively mitigated these deficiencies. System upset was determined to be caused by compost dry-out or system overloading. Methods were developed to provide for recovery of contaminated filter material.     

Source apportionment of ambient total suspended particulates and coarse particulate matter in urban areas of Jiaozuo, China

Approximately 750 total suspended particulates (TSPs) and coarse particulate matter (PM10) filter samples from six urban sites and a background site and >210 source samples were collected in Jiaozuo City during January 2002 to April 2003. They were analyzed for mass and abundances of 25 chemical components. Seven contributive sources were identified, and their contributions to ambient TSP/PM10 levels at the seven sites in three seasons (spring, summer, and winter days) and a "whole" year were estimated by a chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model. The spatial TSP average was high in spring and winter days at a level of approximately 530 microg/m(3) and low in summer days at 456 microg/m(3); however, the spatial PMo0 average exhibited little variation at a level of approximately 325 microg/m(3), and PM10-to-TSP ratios ranged from 0.58 to 0.81, which suggested heavy particulate matter pollution existing in the urban areas. Apportionment results indicated that geological material was the largest contributor to ambient TSP/PM10 concentrations, followed by dust emissions from construction activities, coal combustion, secondary aerosols, vehicle movement, and other industrial sources. In addition, paved road dust and re-entrained dust were also apportioned to the seven source types and found soil, coal combustion, and construction dust to be the major contributors.     

西部管道工程HSE一体化组织管理应用研究

分析了我国管道工程项目HSE组织管理存在的问题,运用组织管理理论,提出了以业主为核心、EPC为主体、PMC为业主的延伸和细化的西部管道工程HSE一体化总体组织结构。     

反应条件对苛求芽孢杆菌胞内尿酸酶与嘌呤衍生物作用的影响

用底物尿酸的紫外吸收变化跟踪反应,用单或双底物米氏方程和初速度估算苛求芽孢杆菌胞内尿酸酶最大反应速度,按Arrenius经验公式得到该尿酸酶在pH 9.2和pH 7.4的活化能,但这些活化不能解释其在两个pH下的催化活性差异.该酶同常见嘌呤衍生物氧嗪酸、黄嘌呤和尿酸有亲和力,但对尿酸亲和力最低,且亲和力与嘌呤衍生物解离成阴离子的能力相关.在生理条件下,该酶对尿酸的亲和力相对于最适条件有显著下降.据此推测,优化静电相互作用选择性增强该酶对尿酸的亲和力是提高其成药性的可能措施之一.     

二异氰酸甲苯酯的毒性和环境问题

1关于二异氰酸甲苯酯的吸入毒性 二异氰酸甲苯酯(TDI)是制造聚氨酯泡沫塑料、弹性体、涂料、合成橡胶、粘合剂等的重要原料.商品TDI通常是2,4-TDI和2,6-TDI两种异构体的混合物,两者的比例有80:20,65:35等数种.分子式:CH3C6H3(NCO)2,分子量174.16,沸点251℃.     

石化行业应急救援联动机制探讨

根据石化行业的经营活动和应急管理现状,从组织架构、管理制度建设、运行机制、保障系统4个方面,对石化行业的应急救援联动机制进行了探讨。