铅对人Bel-7402肝癌细胞毒性及EGFP基因DNA甲基化的影响

以体外培养人Bel-7402肝癌细胞为模型,研究铅的3种常见化合物氯化铅(Pb Cl2)、乙酸铅(Pb(CH3COO)2)、硝酸铅(Pb(NO3)2)的细胞毒性和去甲基化表观遗传毒性。应用MTS方法检测细胞的存活率,以前期研究建立的评价方法评价铅化合物的去甲基化表观遗传毒性。结果显示,Pb Cl2、Pb(CH3COO)2、Pb(NO3)2均会抑制Bel-7402细胞的增值,计算求得Pb Cl2、Pb(CH3COO)2、Pb(NO3)2相应的50%细胞存活浓度(IC50)值分别为2 524μmol·L~(-1)、1 977μmol·L~(-1)、1 899μmol·L~(-1);80%细胞存活浓度(IC80)值分别为264μmol·L~(-1)、221μmol·L~(-1)、281μmol·L~(-1),通过对3种染毒物不同染毒浓度的细胞存活率进行随机区组设计的方差分析显示3种化合物间的差异无统计学意义(F=0.11;P=0.897)。去甲基化表观遗传毒性检测结果显示,Pb Cl2、Pb(CH3COO)2、Pb(NO3)2均可观察到明显的去甲基化表观遗传毒性,其相对于5-氮杂-2-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-Cd R)的去甲基化表观遗传毒性当量分别为2.82E-03、1.50E-03、5.09E-04,三者间也无显著性差异。结果表明,铅化合物会使Bel-7402细胞的细胞存活率和转染进细胞的质粒上增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因启动子的DNA甲基化水平下降。     

Determination of bromate and chlorinated haloacetic acids in bottled drinking water with chromatographic methods

Disinfection by-products of interest such as bromate, chlorate and chlorinated haloacetic acids in 10 representative brands of bottled drinking water were investigated with ion chromatography. With the developed method, the detection limits of the disinfection by-products were in sub-microgl(-1) level. It was observed that bromate, chlorate and dichloroacetic acid could be detected in some water samples. In the bottled natural water, the concentrations for the three compounds were 0.1, 0.9 and 0.6 microgl(-1), respectively. The total concentration of disinfection by-products in the natural water sample was the highest among all the bottled drinking waters. The concentrations for the sum of disinfection by-products in the four types of bottled drinking water investigated were natural water > mineral water > spring water > purified water. The generation of disinfection by-products was much influenced by the original components and process procedure of the source water. The concentrations of bromate and chlorate in the bottled water samples hardly degraded with the increasing storage time. For dichloroacetic acid, with the prolonging of storage time, the concentration was much decreased.     

石煤渣保温材料的配方研究

以石煤渣为主要原料研制应用于工业窑炉的保温材料，具有较高的耐压强度和使用温度，导热率低。本文通过分析各原料的主要作用，研究了不同原料掺量对材料性能的影响，从而得到了石煤渣保温材料合理的配方范围为：石煤渣４０％～６０％、可燃造孔物３０％～４０％、粘结剂１２％～２０％、外加剂０．１０％～０．２０％。     

室内空气中多环芳烃(PAHs)的源及贡献率

采用因子分析及多元线性回归对杭州市室内外空气中PAHs的来源及其贡献率进行研究,求得PAHs总量与公共因子间的特征方程.结果表明,影响室内外空气中PAHs浓度的主要因子依次为烹调、卫生球的挥发、吸烟及加热、汽车尾气.在吸烟者家庭中,室内吸烟是影响室内空气中PAHs浓度的最重要的影响因子,其对室内空气中苯并(a)芘BaP的贡献率为25.8%.     

过硫酸钠-过氧化钙修复多环芳烃污染土壤

采用过硫酸钠-过氧化钙双氧化体系修复多环芳烃(PAHs)污染土壤.通过单因素实验考察了过硫酸钠浓度、过氧化钙质量分数和n(柠檬酸):n(硫酸亚铁)等对土壤中PAHs降解率的影响.通过响应面分析确定,在过氧化钙质量分数为2.7％、过硫酸钠浓度为0.62 mol/L、n(柠檬酸):n(硫酸亚铁)=1:1时,PAHs降解率最...     

煤矸石制造保温材料的研究

以煤矸石为主要原料研制的保温材料，具有耐压强度高、导热系数低等特性。通过分析煤矸石在烧成过程中的物理化学变化，在试验中揭示了煤矸石掺入量、煤矸石中的Ｆｅ￣（３＋）和Ｔｉ￣（４＋）对保温材料的性能及工艺过程的影响，并得出了烧成工艺参数与保温材料性能之间的关系。     

基层环境监测分析能力的思考

随着可持续发展理念的深入,环境保护日益成为人们关注的焦点问题。当前国家对于基层环境保护重视程度越来越高,基层环境监测分析能力的提升也逐渐成为当务之急。基层环境监测站当前由于资金条件等因素的限制还存在着一些问题,监测分析能力不足是一个典型问题。在今后工作过程中应该不断提升基层环境监测分析能力。本文将重点探讨如何提升这一能力。     

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in chicken tissues and eggs from an electronic waste recycling area in southeast China

The levels and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in chicken tissues from an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling area in southeast China were investigated. Human dietary intake by local residents via chicken muscle and eggs was estimated. The mean PBDEs concentrations in tissues ranged from 15.2 to 3138.1 ng/g lipid weight (lw) and in egg the concentration was 563.5 ng/g lw. The results showed that the level of total PBDEs (PPBDEs) in the chicken tissue was 2–3 orders of magnitude higher than those reported in the literature. The large di erence of PPBDEs concentrations between tissues confirmed that the distribution of PBDEs in tissues depend on tissue-specificity rather than the “lipid-compartment”. BDE-209 was the predominant congener (82.5%– 94.7% of PPBDEs) in all chicken tissues except in brain (34.7% of PPBDEs), which indicated that deca-BDE (the major commercial PBDE formulation comprising 65%–70% of total production) was major pollution source in this area and could be bioaccumulated in terrestrial animals. The dietary PBDEs intake of the local residents from chicken muscle and egg, assuming only local bred chickens and eggs were consumed, ranged from 2.2 to 22.5 ng/(day kg body weight (bw)) with a mean value of 13.5 ng/(day kg bw), which was one order of magnitude higher than the value reported in previous studies for consumption of all foodstu s.     

强壮前沟藻生消过程中水体的散射特性

基于2011年7月藻类培养实验期间的实测数据,研究了强壮前沟藻生消过程中水体的散射特性.结果表明,强壮前沟藻本次培养周期共21d,前15 d为生长期,之后进入消亡期;生消过程中水体散射光谱变化明显,叶绿素浓度较低时,散射系数随波长增加近似呈幂函数衰减,而叶绿素浓度较高时,蓝绿光波段散射系数随波长增加呈现近似线性增大趋势,红光波段叶绿素强吸收造成的散射谷更明显;生长期和消亡期时,散射系数与叶绿素浓度幂函数回归的可决系数均随波长增加逐渐增大,750 nm波段达到最大值,R2分别为0.95、0.97;生长期时,蓝光波段散射占总散射量的比例逐渐减小,而红光波段逐渐增大,绿光波段变化较小,但基本呈现增大趋势,水色由蓝绿色逐渐变为红褐色,消亡期时,恰恰相反;生长期和消亡期的绿蓝、红蓝、红绿波段散射比与叶绿素浓度均存在正相关关系,说明随叶绿素浓度增加水色逐渐趋近于长波颜色.