Improved nitrogen removal in dual-contaminated surface water by photocatalysis

River waters in China have dual contamination by nutrients and recalcitrant organic compounds. In principle, the organic compounds could be used to drive denitrification of nitrate, thus arresting eutrophication potential, if the recalcitrant organics could be made bioavailable. This study investigated the potential to make the recalcitrant organics bioavailable through photocatalysis. Batch denitrification tests in a biofilm reactor demonstrated that dual-contaminated river water was short of available electron donor, which resulted in low total nitrogen (TN) removal by denitrification. However, the denitrification rate was increased significantly by adding glucose or by making the organic matters of the river water more bioavailable through photocatalysis. Photocatalysis for 15 min increased the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of the river water from 53 to 84 mg·L^-1 and led to a 4-fold increase in TN removal. The increase in TN removal gave the same effect as adding 92 mg·L^-1 of glucose. During the photocatalysis experiments, the COD increased because photocatalysis transformed organic molecules from those that are resistant to dichromate oxidation in the COD test to those that can be oxidized by dichromate. This phenomenon was verified by testing photocatalysis of pyridine added to the river water. These findings point to the potential for N removal via denitrification after photocatalysis, and they also suggest that the rivers in China may be far more polluted than indicated by COD assays.     

室内火灾烟雾对微波衰减的影响研究

针对建筑室内火灾烟雾环境对微波信号的干扰问题,利用火灾标准实验间和微波实验装置,研究棉绳阴燃、聚氨酯明火等四种典型火灾烟雾对频率分别为600 MHz和2.7GHz微波衰减特性的影响规律。在有和无火灾烟雾环境下,对比分析入射波频率、烟雾浓度、烟雾类型对微波衰减的影响。实验结果表明,四种火灾烟雾对微波传播有明显衰减,且衰减量均随烟雾浓度的增加而增加,而衰减速率逐渐减小。频率以及不同特性类型的烟雾对微波衰减特性的规律不同。最后,计算并修正了室内火灾烟雾环境下微波衰减因子模型的衰减因子,提高了该模型在火灾烟雾环境下的适用性和准确性。     

Microwave photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B using TiO2 supported on activated carbon： Mechanism implication

The photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) was carried out using TiO2 supported on activated carbon (TiO2-AC) under microwave irradiation. Composite catalyst TiO2-AC was prepared and characterized using X-ray di raction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). In the process of microwave-enhanced photocatalysis (MPC), RhB (30 mg/L) was almost completely decoloured in 10 min, and the mineralization e ciency was 96.0% in 20 min. The reaction rate constant of RhB in MPC using TiO2-AC by pseudo first-order reaction kinetics was 4.16 times of that using Degussa P25. Additionally, according to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) identification, the major intermediates of RhB in MPC included two kinds of N-de-ethylation intermediates (N,N-diethyl-N’-ethyl-rhodamine (DER)), oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, and phthalic acid, maleic acid, 3-nitrobenzoic acid, and so on. The degradation of RhB in MPC was mainly attributed to the destruction of the conjugated structure, and then the intermediates transformed to acid molecules which were mineralized to water and carbon dioxide.     

大气中二（口/恶）（口/英）研究进展

二（口/恶）（口/英）是世界公认的强致癌物质,对人体健康危害极大.近年来,大气中二（口/恶）（口/英）的研究已成为各国环境化学家研究的热点.本文总结了近年来国际上有关大气中二（口/恶）（口/英）研究的进展情况,以及所取得的主要研究成果,并在此基础上指出了我国目前研究中存在的问题及以后所应开展的工作.     

Identifying sources of soil inorganic pollutants on a regional scale using a multivariate statistical approach: role of pollutant migration and soil physicochemical properties

Principal components analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis were used to estimate the contribution of four components related to pollutant sources on the total variation in concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, As, Se, Hg, Fe and Mn in surface soil samples from a valley in east China with numerous copper and zinc smelters. Results indicate that when carrying out source identification of inorganic pollutants their tendency to migrate in soils may result in differences between the pollutant composition of the source and the receptor soil, potentially leading to errors in the characterization of pollutants using multivariate statistics. The stability and potential migration or movement of pollutants in soils must therefore be taken into account. Soil physicochemical properties may offer additional useful information. Two different mechanisms have been hypothesized for correlations between soil heavy metal concentrations and soil organic matter content and these may be helpful in interpreting the statistical analysis.     

图们江干流悬移尾矿砂迁移规律

本文从环境科学的角度,应用水文学、水动力学、地貌与第四纪地质学的基本理论和方法,在多年野外工作获得大量数据基础上,用电子计算机建立了汛期、非汛期尾矿砂悬移量计算模式,系统研究了图们江干流中悬移性污染物沉积动态特点及迁移规律。为图们江环境质量预测提供了可靠依据。     

动胶菌HP3及其胞外酶降解溴胺酸产物的分析

动胶菌HP3分泌的胞外酶为组成酶，它能使溴胺酸脱色，其催化溴胺酸脱色的最佳作用温度为30℃，pH7．0－7．2，该酶在4℃下放置时，添生可保持24h。该酶使溴胺酸开环脱色的同时，有等摩尔量的邻苯二甲酸生成，它不能降解邻苯二甲酸，动胶菌HP3降解溴胺酸的终产物为2－氨基－3－羟基－5－溴苯磺酸钠和2，3－二羟基－5－溴苯磺酸钠。     

非定向河网水质模式及计算方法

在研究京津地区排污河网有机污染物的分布时,建立了非定向河网水质模式,并在计算中引入了相关矩阵和递归函数的概念,使模式的计算过程简化,解决了由于河水流向不定带来的问题。     

中低温厌氧处理城市污水污泥颗粒化的研究

用高径比为3∶1的UASB反应器分别在35℃和室温条件下处理模拟城市污水,研究了污泥的颗粒化过程。比较了在不同温度、浓度下形成的颗粒污泥的特征。水温为9~25℃,进水浓度为100~200 mg COD/L,水力上流速度(Vup)在0.013~0.11 m/h的4#UASB反应器在60 d内在形成了成熟的颗粒污泥。研究表明,进水中低的有机物浓度,低的Ca2+、Mg2+浓度和低的Vup没有抑制颗粒化进程。     

丛毛单胞菌对邻甲酚及对甲酚的降解特性

考察不同底物浓度、pH及金属离子对丛毛单胞菌(Comamonas sp.)Z1(以下简写为Z1)降解邻甲酚与对甲酚的影响,并利用高效液相色谱/质谱对降解产物进行分析。结果表明:(1)Z1可利用邻甲酚与对甲酚作为唯一碳源进行生长,36h内能将25～75mg/L邻甲酚、25～200mg/L对甲酚完全降解。(2)Z1可在pH为8.0时将50mg/L邻甲酚或100mg/L对甲酚快速降解。(3)Mg~(2+)对Z1生长、底物降解产生促进作用,Co~(2+)、Ni~(2+)、Cu~(2+)等金属离子则具有抑制作用。(4)推断Z1能利用龙胆酸与儿茶酚途径降解邻甲酚,通过龙胆酸途径降解对甲酚。