钙钛矿型烯土复合氧化物及其在汽车尾气净化工程中的应用

本文介绍了钙铁矿型烯土复合氧化物的结构特征、制备方法与催化性能；分析了该类氧化物对汽车尾气环境的适应性，并与现有的贵金属催化剂作了比较．     

贵州镇远提钒尾渣固体废弃物二次资源利用研究

为了开发无尾矿、少尾矿提钒工艺,对贵州镇远江古钒矿实验室扩大试验流程产生的尾矿进行资源化利用研究,尾渣物质组成研究表明:提钒尾渣的主要化学成分为二氧化硅,主要矿物为石英,尾渣放射性检测结果高于建筑物主体墙材中放射性指标的要求,不能直接应用于建筑主体材料.经用尾渣烧成水泥试验结果表明:尾渣烧成的水泥熟料基本化学成分、物理性能测试结果符合GB/T 21372-2008硅酸盐水泥熟料要求.     

焙烧炉筒体结构强度有限元分析

对焙烧炉筒体结构进行有限元建模仿真,考虑热应力、压力和重力对筒体结构受力的影响,计算了焙烧炉关键部位的蠕变疲劳寿命,同时探究进气温度、保温层及对流系数等参数的影响。结果表明:热应力是影响结构强度的关键因素;焙烧炉筒体在许用蠕变变形量为5%的情况下,其使用寿命超过设计寿命;在筒体加热过渡段铺设保温层,降低与外界空气对流和提高进气温度,有利于降低筒体应力。     

Research progress on distribution,sources, identification,toxicity, and biodegradation of microplastics in the ocean,freshwater, and soil environment

• Microplastics are widely found in both aquatic and terrestrial environments. • Cleaning products and discarded plastic waste are primary sources of microplastics. • Microplastics have apparent toxic effects on the growth of fish and soil plants. • Multiple strains of biodegradable microplastics have been isolated. Microplastics (MPs) are distributed in the oceans, freshwater, and soil environment and have become major pollutants. MPs are generally referred to as plastic particles less than 5 mm in diameter. They consist of primary microplastics synthesized in microscopic size manufactured production and secondary microplastics generated by physical and environmental degradation. Plastic particles are long-lived pollutants that are highly resistant to environmental degradation. In this review, the distribution and possible sources of MPs in aquatic and terrestrial environments are described. Moreover, the adverse effects of MPs on natural creatures due to ingestion have been discussed. We also have summarized identification methods based on MPs particle size and chemical bond. To control the pollution of MPs, the biodegradation of MPs under the action of different microbes has also been reviewed in this work. This review will contribute to a better understanding of MPs pollution in the environment, as well as their identification, toxicity, and biodegradation in the ocean, freshwater, and soil, and the assessment and control of microplastics exposure.     

载体对镍基氨还原SO-2到元素硫催化剂性能的影响

用不同的载体（ＭｇＯ，α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３，γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４）制备了４种镍基催化剂并对它们进行了氨还原ＳＯ２到元素硫反应活性评价。活性评价结果表明，由不同的载体制备的催化剂对该反应ＳＯ２的转化率和生成元素硫产率大小的影响次序均为：ＮｉＯ／ＭｇＯ〉ＮｉＯ／ＭｇＡｌ２Ｏ４〉ＮｉＯ／γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３〉ＮｉＯ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３；而对生成硫选择性大小的影响次序则为：ＮｉＯ／ＭｇＯ〉ＮｉＯ／α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３     

363kV快速真空断路器电场计算

高电压等级开关设备的绝缘水平严重影响设备的安全运行和开断能力,因此在研发高电压真空断路器时需要分析其电场分布。以363 kV快速真空断路器设计结构为原型,建立三维有限元电场计算模型,分别计算了额定电压下闭合和开断工况下的电场分布,分析了灭弧室、绝缘子以及主要金具表面的电场大小。结果表明:均压环表面电场最大值为1.92 MV/m,绝缘子表面最大值为0.36 MV/m,开距20 mm时灭弧室断口电场最大值为3.5 MV/m,其他部位电场均处于控制范围内,断路器总体结构设计合理,满足绝缘要求。     

湿润亚热带典型白云岩流域的化学剥蚀速率——以贵州施秉黄洲河流域为例

针对白云岩岩溶作用过程研究较为缺乏、白云岩地区的化学剥蚀速率报道较少等问题,本文以中国南方喀斯特施秉世界自然遗产地内黄洲河典型白云岩流域为研究区,采用流域水化学径流法,通过获得的2015年3月~2016年3月水文年内钙、镁离子的月平均浓度和高时间分辨率的流量数据,结合白云岩流域的水化学稳态行为,计算出该白云岩流域的化学剥蚀速率为46.91 mm/ka,与其他相似气候条件下白云岩流域的化学剥蚀速率相当,但比以石灰岩为主的碳酸盐岩流域的化学剥蚀速率高38%。这主要是因为在自然条件下,亚热带典型白云岩在地域尺度上有足够的时间达到溶解平衡态,进而使白云石较高的溶解度成为影响其化学剥蚀速率的主要因素。     

Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk from North China: Implication of exposure pathways

The breast milk concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; sum of eight congeners: BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) were determined (by high resolution gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometry) in samples from primiparous women collected in 2006 in Tianjin, China. Dietary and lifestyle habits of the participants were obtained by questionnaires. The median total PBDE concentration (including BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) was 2500 pg g⁻¹ lipid weight, ranging from 1700 to 4500 pg g⁻¹ lipid weight. These levels were in the same range as those from Europe and Japan but much lower than those from North America. The congener profile in China was also different from other countries. The contribution of BDE-28 was around 15%, much higher than any other country, implying that a different Penta-BDE formulation might be used in the Chinese market. The lower ratio of the sum of BDE-47, 99, and 100 to the sum of BDE-153 and 154 suggested that Octa-products were in more demand in China. A significant correlation was found between a woman’s PBDE concentration and the time she used electronic appliances (h/d). This implies that electronics are a potential source of PBDEs to people. Inhalation or ingestion of particulate matter (such as dust) may also be an important exposure pathway. There was no significant correlation between the PBDE concentration and the consumption of meat, fish, and milk. Further research is needed to determine the specific contribution of each exposure route and their health effects.     

Levels and congener profiles of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs in seafood from China

A nationwide investigation into polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in market seafood was conducted for the first time in this study. Total PCDD/F concentrations in fatty fish ranged from 0.13 to 8.64 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (mean 2.05 pg g⁻¹ wet weight), total PCB concentrations ranged from 38.9 to 3514 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (mean 1133 pg g⁻¹ wet weight), and total PBDE concentrations ranged from 42.8 to 913 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (mean 322 pg g⁻¹ wet weight). Corresponding mean toxicity equivalent (TEQ) values for total PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCB were 0.25 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (WHO 98-TEQ) and 0.32 pg g⁻¹ wet weight (WHO 98-TEQ), respectively. OCDD, PCB-138 and PBDE-47 were the dominant compounds according to their respective congeners. WHO 98-TEQ _{PCDD/PCDF/PCB} for fatty fish and shell fish were 0.60 and 0.070 pg g⁻¹ wet weight, respectively, lower than the standard set by the European Commission. The contamination levels and profiles were compared with those documented in previous publications.     

Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk from Beijing, China

The levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in breast milk from Beijing, China, were studied. The 6 predominant PBDEs congeners (BDE47, BDE99, BDE100, BDE153, BDE154 and BDE183) in 23 pooled breast milk samples from 205 mothers living in Beijing were measured. Mean and median of SigmaPBDEs concentrations in all samples were 1.12ngg(-1) lipid and 1.07ngg(-1) lipid, respectively. The Statistical difference in SigmaPBDEs concentrations was found between urban areas (1.22ngg(-1) lipid, n=14) and rural areas (0.97ngg(-1) lipid n=9). The sum of BDE47 and BDE153 accounted for more than 70% of SigmaPBDEs in most samples. The significant correlation was found between the SigmaPBDEs in pooled samples and average of consumption of food of animal origin in the pools in urban area. However, there was no correlation was found between the SigmaPBDEs in pooled samples and average of consumption of food of animal origin in the pools in rural area of Beijing. The current study showed that the level of PBDEs in breast milk from Beijing was lower than that from South China and some developed countries such as USA and Sweden.