超临界水氧化法在废水处理中的应用研究

论述了超临界水的特性，超临界水氧化法的特点、工艺流程，着重阐述了超临界水氧化法在废水处理中的应用，并指出了目前超临界水氧化法存在的问题及今后发展的方向。     

北京市部分地区大气气溶胶中多环芳烃污染特征及污染源探讨

对北京市不同功能区在不同季节大气气溶胶中多环芳烃污染特征及污染源进行了探讨。在石景山、前门、农展馆、十三陵等地区的气溶胶有机污染物中均检测出EPA优先控制的16种多环芳烃。在一年中，冬季有机污染物浓度大约为春季或夏季的10倍左右，夏季有机污染程度最低。冬季（12月24日）大气中强致癌的多环芳烃BaP在所有地区均超过国家标准（10ng/m^3），农展馆地区超标2.5倍，前门地区超标5倍，石景山地区超标7．5倍，这些有机污染物主要来源于煤的不完全燃烧，也有相当部分来源于汽车尾气排放。     

海洋排放二甲基硫通量的研究进展

综述国内外二甲基硫（DMS）海气通量的研究进展，总结了DMS海气通量的各种估算方法。重点讨论滞膜模型及其传输速率常数的确定，进而分析DMS海气通量估算中存在的不确定性。     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature

IntroductionPhenolistherawmaterialforthecommercialproductionofawidevarietyofresins ,includingphenolicresinsasconstructionmaterialsforautomobilesandappliances,expoxyresinsasadhesives ,andpolyamideforvariousapplications.Inaddition ,phenolsareoftenfoundinwas…     

呼和浩特市大气气态和颗粒物上正构烷烃的研究

采用聚氨基甲酸乙酯和玻璃纤维滤膜采集样品并测定。大气中总正构烷烃的浓度分布、气／固分布比与季节变化、污染源有关。在呼市大气中总正构烷烃（Ｃ１５－Ｃ３３），夏季主要存在气态中（７８％），而冬季主要存在于颗粒物上（８３％）。内蒙古草原大气对照样品中，气态中总正构烷烃在冬夏两季所占百分比都约为５０％。市区冬季大气颗粒物上的总正构烷烃浓度比其它城市结果高出１－２个数量级。     

膨润土和改性膨润土对电镀污泥中重金属的稳定化处理

采集某电镀厂污泥,以膨润土和改性膨润土为稳定剂,采用TCLP毒性浸出试验分析膨润土和改性膨润土对污泥中重金属Cr、Cd、Zn和Pb的稳定化效果。未加入稳定化剂前,电镀污泥中重金属Cr、Cd、Zn和Pb的浸出毒性分别为154 mg/L、13.5 mg/L、658 mg/L和76 mg/L。稳定化试验结果表明,在膨润土和改性膨润土的投加量与干污泥的质量比分别为1∶5和3∶10,振荡时间为12 h时,浸出液中重金属质量浓度最低,稳定化效果最好。形态分析结果表明,加入膨润土和改性膨润土稳定后重金属以有机结合态和残渣态为主,与未稳定前相比污泥中重金属不稳定态的含量变少。扫描电镜和红外分析结果表明,膨润土和改性膨润土可能通过吸附和离子交换来稳定污泥中的重金属。研究表明,改性膨润土对电镀污泥中高含量重金属的稳定化效果要优于未改性膨润土的稳定化效果。     

省级“双评价”的理论思考与实践方案——以浙江省为例

资源环境承载能力与国土空间开发适宜性评价（“双评价”）在国土空间规划体系中发挥着重要的基础性作用,是空间决策科学性和空间治理有效性的基本保障。从省级国土空间规划的定位出发,剖析省级国土空间规划对“双评价”科学支撑和简单适用的基本要求,总结当前省级“双评价”面临理论与实践的挑战。在此基础上,构建了一套“三维内涵—一对关系—两种尺度—四个层面”的省级“双评价”方案,深入挖掘资源环境承载的能力、压力、潜力三维内涵,立足于承载力与适宜性之间的逻辑联系,以浙江省为案例,从县级行政区和栅格单元两种尺度开展了“双评价”实践,并从优势短板识别、要素空间统筹、开发时序安排及空间格局优化四个层面支撑省级国土空间规划的编制。旨在为省级“双评价”提供一种可行、科学、实用的评价框架,为国土空间规划中布局优化、结构调整、指标分解等实践提供支撑。     

Kinetic and mechanism studies of the ozonolysis of three unsaturated ketones

Reaction rate constants and products of 1-octen-3-one, 3-octen-2-one and 4-hexen-3-one with ozone were studied in a 100-L fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film bag using absolute rate method at 298 ± 1 K and atmospheric pressure. The rate constants were (1.09 ± 0.12) × 10^?17, (3.48 ± 0.36) × 10^?17 and (5.70 ± 0.60) × 10^?17 cm³/(molecule?sec), respectively. According to the obtained rate constants, the effects of carbonyl were discussed. The carbonyl group in β position has a net withdrawing effect with respect to an olefinic bond, then causing the decline of rate constants. The quantum chemical calculation was used to explain the results of rate constants. The products of ozonolysis were mainly aldehydes, which have significant influence on the formation of SOA, and hence play an important role in the atmosphere. In this work, we detected the main products of reaction and proposed the reaction mechanism by combining the results of quantum chemical calculations. Atmospheric lifetime for three unsaturated ketones reacted with ozone was 36.4, 11.4 and 6.9 hr for 1-octen-3-one, 3-octen-2-one and 4-hexen-3-one, respectively.     

天然沸石合成A型分子筛的吸附与再生特性

针对污水厂尾水深度脱氮问题,以某地产天然沸石为原料,采用水热合成法制备了纯度较高、晶型规整、大小均一、吸附量大的A型分子筛.系统考察了其对氨氮的吸附及再生特性,并结合Zeta电位、FTIR以及XRD对其氨氮吸附与再生机理进行了分析.结果表明：准一级和准二级反应动力学均能较好地反映A型分子筛吸附氨氮过程,等温吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,对氨氮的最大饱和吸附量为41.68mg/g;吸附饱和的分子筛再生利用方法简便易行,经2mol/L NaCl溶液解吸后能够恢复其吸附能力,5次吸附-解吸再生率均在95%以上;其吸附与再生过程均为Na⁺与NH₄⁺的离子交换反应,吸附与再生互为可逆过程.该方法为污水厂深度脱氮提供了一条经济可行的新思路.     

Assessment of sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of lead-polluted soil and production of seed oil and seed meal for human and animal consumption

Phytoremediation is a valuable technology for mitigating soil contamination in agricultural lands, but phytoremediation without economic revenue is unfeasible for land owners and farmers. The use of crops with high biomass and bioenergy for phytoremediation is a unique strategy to derive supplementary benefits along with remediation activities. Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a high-biomass crop that can be used for the phytoremediation of polluted lands with additional advantages (biomass and oil). In this study, 40 germplasms of sunflower were screened in field conditions for phytoremediation with the possibility for oil and meal production. The study was carried out to the physiological maturity stage. All studied germplasms mopped up substantial concentrations of Pb, with maximum amounts in shoot?>?root?>?seed respectively. The phytoextraction efficiency of the germplasm was assessed in terms of the Transfer factor (TF), Metal removal efficiency (MRE) and Metal extraction ratio (MER). Among all assessed criteria, GP.8585 was found to be most appropriate for restoring moderately Pb-contaminated soil accompanied with providing high biomass and high yield production. The Pb content in the oil of GP.8585 was below the Food safety standard of China, with 59.5% oleic acid and 32.1% linoleic acid. Moreover, amino acid analysis in meal illustrated significant differences among essential and non-essential amino acids. Glutamic acid was found in the highest percentage (22.4%), whereas cysteine in the lowest percentage (1.3%). Therefore, its efficient phytoextraction ability and good quality edible oil and meal production makes GP.8585 the most convenient sunflower germplasm for phytoremediation of moderately Pb-contaminated soil, with fringe benefits to farmers and landowners.