浒苔藻体叶绿素提取方法的比较

为了确定一种快速准确测定浒苔藻体叶绿素含量的方法,利用分光光度计法比较了两种不同的提取方法及4种提取剂测定叶绿素的效果,并分析了叶绿素在4种提取剂中的稳定性。结果表明:两种提取方法下4种不同提取剂的吸收光谱基本相似,可以用Arnon法的计算公式来计算叶绿素含量。其中,研磨法对浒苔叶绿素的提取效果较浸提法提取速度更快,便于快速测定藻体叶绿素含量。在4种提取剂中,采用95%乙醇提取浒苔叶绿素速度更快,但提取的总量少,稳定性低。     

江苏沿海台风浪数值模拟

构建CCMP再分析风场与Holland经验台风风场的叠加风场作为海浪的驱动风场,建立SWAN自嵌套模型对影响江苏沿海的典型台风"梅花"引起的台风浪过程进行模拟。在得出风场叠加方式的基础上,设计3种订正系数方案及3种权重系数方案共9种风场构建方案,分别对东中国海进行台风浪模拟并结合Jason-1卫星高度计观测的有效波高数据进行比较分析,实验结果显示各方案有效波高的相对误差最大可相差3%。选取最佳方案的模拟结果为嵌套区域提供波谱边界条件,对嵌套区域的模拟结果表明:模拟值与浮标实测资料吻合较好;台风经过江苏沿海期间,近岸海域最大波高可达5~6 m,中北部海域波浪以涌浪为主,而南部海域则以风浪为主。     

SBR在高校中水回用领域的工程应用研究

采用SBR工艺对高校校园废水进行了处理,运行结果表明:废水中COD含量从200～360mg/L降至60mg/L以下,BOD5含量从70～110mg/L降至20mg/L以下,氨氮含量从60～80mg/L降至10mg/L以下,SS含量从75～160mg/L降至50mg/L以下,达到了北京市DB11307—2005《水污染物排放标准》的二级排放标准。     

利用Ethanoligenens harbinense R3连续培养的CSTR的启动与运行

采用连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)为实验装置,探讨了利用新型发酵产氢菌R3的生物制氢反应器的启动与运行情况.实验表明,维持反应器内pH在4.5左右、COD启动值为6000 mg·L-1、水力停留时间为8 h等条件,可在30 d内完成反应器内菌种对环境的适应并进入稳定运行阶段,此时系统氧化还原电位(HRT)稳定在-400mV左右.系统内的液相末端发酵产物中乙醇含量最大,占发酵产物总含量的65%,乙醇和乙酸所占比例为95%,系统呈现明显的乙醇型发酵特性.启动和运行阶段的积累产氢量为399.33 L,最大产氢量达15768.8 mL·d-1,最大氢气产率为49.94%.有机氮源可被微生物利用而无机氮源对产氢并无太大影响.使用有机氮源和磷源时积累产气量、积累产氢量和发酵液相末端产物与空白对照相比有所增大.     

Response of soil microorganisms to vegetational succession in Ziwuling Forest

This study investigates the changes in soil microbial populations as vegetational succession progress from abandoned farmland to climax forest in the Ziwuling Forest, which is located in the northern part of the Loess Plateau, China. Different organic C and total extractable N between the fumigated and non-fumigated soils were assumed to be released from soil microorganisms. Soil microbial C was calculated using Kec = 0.38 and microbial N was calculated using Ken = 0.45. The released P was converted to microbial biomass P using Kep = 0.40. Soil bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes increased as the vegetational succession progressed. Microbial C was of the highest amount in farmland. Microbial C, N, and P generally increased from abandoned land to climax community. The results indicated significant (P < 0.05) diversities of soil microbial biomass under different vegetation. There was a significant correlation between microbial biomass and soil nutrients. Knowledge about soil microbial populations is important for forecasting vegetational succession and determining the ecological condition of the environment.     

硒连续化学提取技术中的若干问题讨论

硒的生物可利用性、毒性、环境行为和生物效应等不仅仅与硒的总量有关,更取决于硒的形态。硒的连续化学提取技术是硒形态研究的一个重要手段。在硒七步连续提取方案的基础上,重点探讨了有机结合态、元素态、硫化物/硒化物结合态硒的提取技术细节,讨论了不同液固比和提取剂对硒提取的影响,并对不同结合态硒提取中存在的问题进行了相应讨论。研究结果表明:在硒的连续化学提取过程中,液固比为20:1到50:1时能够满足不同结合态硒提取的要求;在水浴加热条件下,NaOH浓度0.1～0.5mol/L时能有效提取有机结合态硒;1mol/LNa2SO3溶液是元素硒的较好提取剂;而对于硫化物/硒化物结合态硒,600～700ml/min的载气气流能保证其还原所产生HSe气体的完全吸收。     

液体化工品码头环评中废水处理对策探讨

对液体化工品码头建设项目环评中的废水处理对策进行了探讨,提出结合当地的废水处置系统情况,优先选择进集中的城市污水处理厂或当地港区污水处理厂,在自建废水处理设施的处理工艺选择上,应在总体以生化处理为主的基础上,根据储运货种的不同种类,结合其它的预处理和深度处理手段.     

气象灾害系统组成及评估理论体系探讨

结合国内外相关领域的研究情况,对气象灾害、孕灾环境、致灾因子和承灾体等重要概念下了较明确的定义,介绍了孕灾环境危险度这一度量孕灾环境灾害风险的概念,并对承灾体脆弱性、致灾因子强度等用以评估气象灾害的重要参数进行了初步研究,指出灾情是成灾后气象灾害系统的综合状态.最后建立了较完整的气象灾害评估理论体系.     

一体化膜生物反应器处理低C/N污水试验研究

研究一体化连续流间歇曝气膜生物反应器(IMBR)处理低C/N城市污水的工艺效能。试验结果表明:反应器在曝气2 h、搅拌2 h的运行模式下,对COD、NH4+-N、TN和SS的平均去除率分别达到了87%,83.4%,75.4%和97.81%,各出水质量浓度平均值分别为17.5,4.59,7.63和2 mg/L,出水水质达到了GB/T18920-2002《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》标准。     

Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.