Light-dependent magnetoreception in birds: interaction of at least two different receptors

Passerine migrants require light from the blue-green part of the spectrum for magnetic compass orientation; under yellow light, they are disoriented. European robins tested under a combination of yellow light and blue or green light showed a change in behavior, no longer preferring their seasonally appropriate migratory direction: in spring as well as in autumn, they preferred southerly headings under blue-and-yellow and northerly headings under green-and-yellow light. This clearly shows that yellow light is not neutral and suggests the involvement of at least two types of receptors in obtaining magnetic compass information, with the specific interaction of these receptors being rather complex.     

钙质煤渣脱硫剂与烟气脱硫的试验研究

利用锬本身排出的煤渣作硫剂基体核粒，配入少量的石灰，并加水搅拌均匀，使石灰裹覆在煤潭颗粒表面，制成具有较大 的钙质煤渣脱硫剂，并用于烟气脱硫（干法）试验。结果表明：脱硫率最高达８５．５％￣９４．６％，脱硫率大于８０％的运行时间达２ｈ，脱硫费用约为０．３３元／ｋｇ（ＳＯ２）。     

Oviposition strategies of conifer seed chalcids in relation to host phenology

Insects are considered the most important predators of seed cones, the female reproductive structures of conifers, prior to seed dispersal. Slightly more than 100 genera of insects are known to parasitize conifer seed cones. The most diverse (i.e., number of species) of these genera is Megastigmus (Hymenoptera: Torymidae), which comprises many important seed pests of native and exotic conifers. Seed chalcids, Megastigmus spp., lay eggs inside the developing ovules of host conifers and, until recently, oviposition was believed to occur only in fertilized ovules. Ovule development begins just after pollination, but stops if cells are not fertilized. The morphological stage of cone development at the time of oviposition by seed chalcids has been established for many species; however, knowledge of ovule development at that time has been documented for only one species, M. spermotrophus. Megastigmus spermotrophus oviposits in Douglas-fir ovules after pollination but before fertilization. Unlike the unfertilized ovules, those containing a M. spermotrophus larva continue to develop, whether fertilized or not, stressing the need to broaden our understanding of the insect–plant interactions for this entire genus. To achieve this task, we reviewed the scientific literature and assembled information pertaining to the timing of oviposition and to the pollination and fertilization periods of their respective host(s). More specifically, we were searching for circumstantial evidence that other species of Megastigmus associated with conifers could behave (i.e., oviposit before ovule fertilization) and impact on female gametophyte (i.e., prevent abortion) like M. spermotrophus. The evidence from our compilation suggests that seed chalcids infesting Pinaceae may also oviposit before ovule fertilization, just like M. spermotrophus, whereas those infesting Cupressaceae seemingly oviposit after ovule fertilization. Based on this evidence, we hypothesize that all species of Megastigmus associated with Pinaceae can oviposit in unfertilized ovules, whereas those exploiting Cupressaceae cannot, and thus oviposit only in already fully developed fertilized seeds. Furthermore, we predict that the presence of a larva in unfertilized ovules of all Pinaceae will influence the development of the female gametophyte by preventing its abortion. This influence on the Pinaceae can be interpreted as an ability to parasitize any of the potential seeds present in a seed cone, and as such represents a much more efficient oviposition strategy than searching and locating only fertilized seeds. Concomitantly, this ability has likely led to an overestimation of the impact of the species of seed chalcid infesting Pinaceae on seed production.     

肯尼亚山下未结束的故事--肯尼亚纪行之三

动物“孤儿院”从肯尼亚山俱乐部大门向西走不远,就是威廉·霍顿动物孤儿院。动物怎么会有孤儿院呢?原来,肯尼亚的自然环境很有特色。有辽阔的草原和原始森林,中部有非洲第二高峰肯尼亚山,南部能眺望坦桑境内的非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗,西边与坦桑尼亚、乌干达共有非洲第一大湖维多利亚湖,东面是碧海白沙的印度洋,东非大裂谷纵贯南北,赤道横贯东西,形成著名的“东非十字架”。真的是景色如画,气象万千。联合国环境署就设在肯尼亚的首都内罗毕。由于环境优越加上保护有力,肯尼亚成为野生动物的王国。虽然如此,仍有一些失去父母的小动物和一些濒危动物需要救助,所以奥斯卡影星威廉·霍顿在肯尼亚山下建立了动物孤儿院,收养那些幼小及珍稀的动物。     

重庆工业废渣建材资源化状况及对策探讨

在对重庆市工业废渣进行广泛调查及掌握尽可能详细的资料的基础上 ,针对重庆市工业废渣的特点 ,提出了一些利用工业废渣的设想。     

Joint enhancement of lead accumulation in Brassica plants by EDTA and ammonium sulfate in sand culture

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＨｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｌｅａｄｔｏｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｙｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｌｙｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄａｎｄｈａｖｅｌｏｗｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｌｕｂｌｅｓｐｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｔｉｓｗｅｌｌｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔｅｄｔｈａｔｃｈｅｌａｔｉｎｇａｇｅｎｔｓａｒｅａｂｌｅｔｏｄｉｓｌｏｄｇｅａｄｓｏｒｂｅｄｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓ,ｌｅａｄｉｎｇｔｏｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｓｏｌｕｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄｂ…     

上海市嘉定县的酸雨现状

叙述了嘉定县1989～1991年酸雨的发展趋势及现状,并扼要分析了成因。     

铬渣的细菌解毒实验研究

采用从铬渣堆埋场附近的污泥中分离到的高效还原Cr(Ⅵ)的Ch-1菌进行细菌浸出的摇瓶实验,分别考察了不同液固比,温度,初始pH值情况下浸出液的pH值变化,Cr(Ⅵ)浓度变化及浸出过程铬渣中六价铬的浸出率变化和最终渣浸出毒性.实验结果表明,在细菌的作用下,浸出液Cr(Ⅵ)浓度均能解毒为0ppm,同时,浸出液pH值降低到8～9之间, 细菌浸出渣毒性降低到0.05ppm以下,远低于GB5085.3-1996危险废物浸出毒性鉴别标准1.5ppm.同时,渣中的Cr(Ⅵ)也大部分被有效浸出后还原为Cr(Ⅲ) 沉淀.特别是在液固比10:1,温度28℃,初始pH＝10.0的条件下,铬渣中六价铬浸出率达到了95.43%,同时浸出液pH值＝8.20,Cr(Ⅵ)浓度为0ppm,浸出渣浸出毒性0.007 ppm,均达到国家排放标准,取得了较好的解毒效果.