A/A/O微曝氧化沟处理城市污水的工程设计

以某日处理量为80 000 m3城市污水处理厂为例,介绍了A/A/O微曝氧化沟工艺的设计思路及参数选择,能够满足设计要求,且可信度高,有实用参考价值.     

处理生活污水的植物品种的筛选

以小型碎石床人工湿地生态系统和无土栽培2种方法,模拟研究了广东园林绿化中常用的27种植物对生活污水中氮、磷、COD的降解能力,表明野芋头、花叶万年青、象草、姜花、绿公主、富贵竹、再力花、大花叶万年青、芦苇、花芦苇、美人蕉、文殊兰、水芋头、风车草、红草、蜘蛛兰、千手观音、水葱和花蝴蝶等18种植物,可以作为人工湿地生态系统选种植物,从而扩大了可选植物品种范围,配合适当,可达到美化环境和净化污水2种功能,可适用于面源性水污染的治理.象草的研究表明,它是一种既有强污水降解能力又能作饲料的品种,适用于畜牧场的水污染治理.     

碲化镉量子点暴露对小鼠凝血相关因子的影响

研究碲化镉量子点(cadmium telluride quantum dots, Cd Te QDs)对小鼠凝血相关因子的影响,进一步探讨QDs的心血管毒性机制。将48只雄性ICR小鼠随机分成6组,每组8只。分别使用不同剂量(0.15μmol·kg~(-1)、1.5μmol·kg~(-1)和15μmol·kg~(-1))的Cd Te QDs和生理盐水一次性经尾静脉注射染毒小鼠1 d,15μmol·kg~(-1)剂量的Cd Te QDs染毒3 d和7 d,检测小鼠血浆中凝血相关因子的含量变化。结果显示,与对照组相比,随着染毒剂量增加小鼠组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)和纤维蛋白原(FIB)含量逐渐增高,组织因子途径抑制物(TFPI)含量逐渐降低,具有明显的剂量-效应关系。除15μmol·kg~(-1)剂量组外,组织因子(TF)、凝血因子XII(FXII)和纤溶酶原(Plg)含量具有升高的趋势,抗凝血酶Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)含量则无明显变化;随着染毒时间增加,TF、FXII、FIB、Plg和t-PA含量有明显的先升高后降低的变化趋势,TFPI含量在1 d达到最低,之后逐渐升高,AT-Ⅲ含量则在7 d达到最低。Cd Te QDs急性染毒可引起小鼠血浆中TF、FXII、FIB、TFPI、Plg和t-PA的含量明显改变,并且具有不同的变化趋势。提示Cd Te QDs可能会激活凝血系统和纤溶系统,抑制抗凝系统,从而引起凝血功能紊乱。     

不同来源的苏云金芽孢杆菌aiiA基因表达及其抗病性分析

苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)aiiA基因所编码的AiiA蛋白是一种内酯酶,可以降解N-乙酰高丝氨酸内酯(N-acyl-homoserine lactones,AHLs),从而减弱致病菌产生的危害.本研究克隆了6株不同来源的苏云金芽孢杆菌aiiA基因,并对来自于苔藓(LLB15)和土壤(LLS9)的BtaiiA基因进行了生物信息学分析.结果表明,AiiA-B15分子量为27.97×103,等电点为4.59;AiiA-S9分子量为28.14×103,等电点为4.32,两者都是亲水性蛋白.AiiA蛋白具有很高的保守性,AiiA-B15和AiiA-S9同源性为90%.进化树结果表明,AiiA-B15与Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.kyushuensis进化距离最近,AiiA-S9与Bacillus cereus进化距离最近.将aiiA-B15基因克隆到pGEX-4T-3表达载体中,构建重组质粒pGEXaiiA-B15,IPTG诱导后可大量表达融合蛋白.对表达的条件进行优化.结果表明,0.6mmol/LIPTG,30℃下诱导3h为最佳诱导条件.致病性检测表明,该融合蛋白对胡萝卜欧文氏软腐病菌具有较强的抗病作用.图13表4参23     

Zn2+ loading as a critical contributor to the circ_0008553-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation in response to PM2.5 exposures

Inflammation is a major adverse outcome induced by inhaled particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 µm (PM_2.5), and a critical trigger of most PM_2.5 exposure-associated diseases. However, the key molecular events regulating the PM_2.5-induced airway inflammation are yet to be elucidated. Considering the critical role of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in regulating inflammation, we predicted 11 circRNAs that may be involved in the PM_2.5-induced airway inflammation using three previously reported miRNAs through the starBase website. A novel circRNA circ_0008553 was identified to be responsible for the PM_2.5-activated inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial cells (16HBE) via inducing oxidative stress. Using a combinatorial model PM_2.5 library, we found that the synergistic effect of the insoluble core and loaded Zn²⁺ ions at environmentally relevant concentrations was the major contributor to the upregulation of circ_0008553 and subsequent induction of oxidative stress and inflammation in response to PM_2.5 exposures. Our findings provided new insight into the intervention of PM_2.5-induced adverse outcomes.     

丝状菌污泥膨胀的微生物学理论与控制对策

在活性污泥系统中，由丝状菌过度繁殖引起的污泥膨胀是最难解决的问题之一。文章对与丝状菌污泥膨胀相关的微生物学和丝状菌生理生态学进行了讨论；介绍了现有的解释污泥膨胀的基本理论，并对丝状菌膨胀的控制措施进行了探讨。     

土壤石油生物降解影响因子正交实验分析

石油污染物进入土壤之后，多种因素同时制约着污染物的生物降解，为了定量化各因素对彼此的影响，探求促进正向作用，抑制负向作用的途径，为各因素制定适宜的施用时间顺序以及施用量，以最大限度地加快降解速度，笔者设计了本文中的复合生物降解实验，结果表明，使用多因素复合处理方法可以在土壤石油处理中收到很好的效果，在土壤石油含量为64g/kg水平下，三周内的降解率可以高达48％，在实验初期，表面活性剂和氧化剂的投加是影响降解速率的重要因素，它们的最优水平均为各受试水平中的最大值，到了实验的中后期，污染强度上升为降解的首要影响因子，并且在受试样品范围内，污染度越大降解率越高。     

不同取样方式对煤层瓦斯含量测定的研究分析

快速实现原位取样是准确测定煤层瓦斯含量的基础,为研究不同取样方式对瓦斯含量测定的影响,以淮南潘二煤矿11223工作面为例,对比深孔定点取样与孔口接粉取样方式下取样效果,并对采取的煤样利用直接法进行瓦斯含量测定对比分析。结果表明:深孔定点取样装置满足现场取样要求,且采用深孔定点方式取样可提高瓦斯含量测定准确性。     

带压注浆封孔技术在汪家寨煤矿的应用

为改进汪家寨煤矿的瓦斯抽采钻孔封孔技术,提高封孔质量,针对目前封孔工艺存在的问题,提出以新型无机封孔材料、封孔器为一体的"两堵一注"带压注浆封孔技术。现场的应用试验表明,考察期内试验钻孔平均瓦斯体积分数达到了60%以上,有效提高试验钻孔的封孔质量,为下一步的封孔工艺优化改进提供了参考及建议。     

Climatic Controls on Watershed Reference Evapotranspiration Varied during 1961–2012 in Southern China

Reference evapotranspiration (ET_o) is an important hydrometeorological term widely used in understanding and projecting the hydrological effects of future climate and land use change. We conducted a case study in the Qinhuai River Basin that is dominated by a humid subtropical climate and mixed land uses in southern China. Long‐term (1961–2012) meteorological data were used to estimate ET_o by the FAO‐56 Penman–Monteith model. The individual contribution from each meteorological variable to the trend of ET_o was quantified. We found basin‐wide annual ET_o decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 3.82 mm/yr during 1961–1987, due to decreased wind speed, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and increased relative humidity (RH). However, due to the increased VPD and decreased RH, the ET_o increased significantly (p < 0.05) in spring, autumn, and annually at a rate of 2.55, 0.56, and 3.16 mm/yr during 1988–2012, respectively. The aerodynamic term was a dominant factor controlling ET_o variation in both two periods. We concluded the key climatic controls on ET_o have shifted as a result of global climate change during 1961–2012. The atmospheric demand, instead of air temperature alone, was a major control on ET_o. Models for accurately predicting ET_o and hydrological change under a changing climate must include VPD in the study region. The shifts of climatic control on the hydrological cycles should be considered in future water resource management in humid regions.