Photocatalytic degradation of phenol with mesoporous TiO2?xBx

We report a facile approach for preparing mesoporous boron-doped TiO₂ materials by combining the sol?Cgel process with the dehydration of glucose. Specifically a high surface carbon material was formed by dehydration of glucose, then used as template. This material and the TiO₂ dry gel were calcinated to produce porous TiO₂. The as-synthesized boron-doped TiO₂ was in pure anatase crystallite phase with high surface area. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results showed that boron was incorporated into the anatase TiO₂ lattice to form TiO_2?xB_x. The absorption spectra of TiO_2?xB_x extended into the visible region to 460?nm. The TiO_2?xB_x exhibited much higher photocatalytic activity on phenol degradation than pure TiO₂. It showed that the phenol degradation by-products of TiO_2?xB_x were different from that of pure TiO₂. Mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation of phenol at TiO_2?xB_x was also proposed.     

中国北部湾地区夏季大气碳气溶胶的空间分布特征

于2009年8月在北部湾地区的南宁、钦州、防城港、北海、湛江、茂名、海口、洋浦、东方等9个城市的城区和郊区同步采集PM2.5样品,采用热光反射碳分析仪分析得到有机碳(organic carbon,OC)、元素碳(elemental carbon,EC)的质量浓度,对OC、EC浓度水平、空间分布及其可能的来源进行分析.结果表明,观测期间北部湾9个城市PM2.5、OC和EC的浓度均值分别为(38.4±17.7)、(9.2±2.6)和(1.9±1.1)μg·m-3,总碳气溶胶(total carbonaceous aerosol,TCA)占PM2.5质量的56.8%.北部湾地区夏季OC主要来源于生物质燃烧和二次生成的有机碳(secondary organic carbon,SOC),EC主要来源于机动车和工业排放.     

Water extraction kinetics of metals, arsenic and dissolved organic carbon from industrial contaminated poplar leaves

In industrial areas, tree leaves contaminated by metals and metalloids could constitute a secondary source of pollutants. In the present study, water extraction kinetics of inorganic elements （IE： Pb, Zn, Cd, As, Fe and Mn）, dissolved organic carbon, pH and biological activity were studied for industrial contaminated poplar leaves. Moreover, the distribution of the IE through the size fractions of the associated top soil was measured. High quantities ofMn, Zn and As and polysaccharides were released in the solution from the strongly contaminated leaves. The kinetic of release varied with time and metal type. The solution pH decreased while dissolved organic contents increased with time after 30 days. Therefore, these contaminated leaves could constitute a source of more available organic metals and metalloids than the initial inorganic process particles. However, the distribution of the IE through the size fractions of the top soil suggested that a great part of the released IE was adsorbed, reducing in consequence their transfers and bioavailability. It＇s concluded that mobility/boioavailability and speciation of metals and metalloids released from the decomposition of polluted tree leaves depends on soil characteristics, pollutant type and litter composition, with consequences for environmental risk assessment.     

Smog,media attention,and corporate social responsibility—empirical evidence from Chinese polluting listed companies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In recent years, the frequent occurrence of smog in Chinese cities has prompted great changes in the policy environment faced by enterprises. In this...     

高压旋喷桩施工中的环境危害与控制

高压旋喷桩造防渗墙因其厚度均匀，强度高，质量好，被广泛运用于堤防工程的防渗加固和部分深基础工程的基坑支护，但施工中环境污染严重。根据高喷灌浆施工的工艺特点。结合长江重要堤防隐蔽工程环境保护实践，探讨了高喷灌浆施工环境污染及控制措施。     

佛山市无铬钝化清洁生产技术路线图的制定

针对佛山市无铬钝化技术产业发展问题,依据技术路线图原理与制定方法,在对佛山市无铬钝化清洁生产技术路径即市场需求—产业目标—技术壁垒—研发需求进行分析的基础上,制定了佛山市无铬钝化清洁生产技术路线图,确定了产业发展方向和实现目标所需的关键技术,理清了产品和技术之间的关系。该技术路线图对促进无铬钝化技术的发展和标准的建立,以及保护地区环境和推动相关产品研发具有重要的科学意义。     

Seasonal variations of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate and cytotoxicity of organic extracts in water samples from Wuhan, China

Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate(TCEP) is a typical phosphate flame retardant. Its potential adverse health effects have recently aroused concern. We investigated the seasonal variations of TCEP concentrations in the raw, finished and tap water samples from two drinking water treatment plants(DWTPs) in China, and evaluated the cytotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis of organic extracts(OEs) in water samples. We enriched TCEP and OEs in water samples by solid-phase extraction method. The TCEP concentrations in water samples were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Normal human liver cell line L02 was treated with OEs in the water samples, and then the cytotoxicity and apoptosis/necrosis were measured by 3-(4, 5-dimethyithiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The results showed that cytotoxicities of OEs in raw water samples from both DWTPs in summer and winter were stronger than those in spring and autumn, cytotoxicity of OEs in finished and tap water samples from both DWTPs in summer and autumn were stronger than those in spring and winter. In all seasons, the maximal concentrations(100 mL water/mL cell culture) of OEs in the raw water samples from both DWTPs induced late apoptosis/necrosis. The reasons for seasonal variations of TCEP in water samples and potential toxic effects of other pollutants in the water samples need to be further investigated.     

微生物菌剂对枸杞枝条粉发酵堆体腐熟效果的影响

为探讨外源微生物对枸杞枝条粉基质化发酵堆体腐熟进程的影响,采用随机区组设计〔T1（CK）,枸杞枝条粉150 kg;T2,枸杞枝条粉150 kg+尿素4.15 kg;T3,T2+粗纤维降解菌Ⅰ 75 g;T4,T2+粗纤维降解菌Ⅱ 75 g;T5,T2+锯末专用复合益菌75 g;T6,T2+EM菌液75 g;T7,T2+纤维素酶制剂75 g〕,以尿素为氮源,研究添加外源微生物对枸杞枝条粉基质化发酵过程中发酵指标参数的影响.结果表明:堆腐发酵至第6天时,各处理组的温度均达到最高值,其中,T3的温度达到68.2 ℃,T2~T7内部温度超过50 ℃的时间依次为6、9、9、7、8、7 d.外源微生物菌剂的施用增加了枸杞枝条粉腐熟发酵后的湿容重、干容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙、持水孔隙.至发酵结束后,各处理组的湿容重在0.43~0.47 g/cm3之间,T6的增幅最大.堆腐发酵过程中w（NH₄+-N）变化呈先增后减的变化规律,发酵至第21天时,T4达784.81 mg/kg;w（NO₃--N）呈逐渐增加的趋势,在发酵14~49 d之间的增幅最大,其中,T3的平均日增加值最大,为16.02 mg/（kg·d）,而发酵70 d后各处理组w（NO₃--N）逐渐趋于平稳.发酵前21 d w（TOC）呈近直线下降,发酵前14 d w（TN）呈直线上升;堆腐发酵至第49天时,T2~T7的GI（germination index,发芽指数）均高于50%,其中,T7为73.92%,较T1（CK）高出26.52%;发酵至第91天时,T1~T7的GI均超过85%.研究显示,枸杞枝条发酵堆体基质化过程中添加尿素+粗纤维降解菌Ⅰ（Ⅱ）、尿素+EM菌液、尿素+锯末专用复合益菌等更有助于加快基质化进程、缩短发酵时间、提高发酵效率,可为枸杞枝条基质化工厂利用提供理论支撑.      

Biodegradation of typical azole fungicides in activated sludge under aerobic conditions

Widespread use of azole fungicides and low removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have led to the elevated concentration of azole fungicides in receiving environment. However, there was limited research about the removal mechanism of azole fungicides in the biological treatment of WWTPs. Imidazole fungicide climbazole and triazole fungicide fluconazole were selected to investigate the biodegradation mechanism of azole fungicides in activated sludge under aerobic conditions. Climbazole was found to be adsorbed to solid sludge and resulted in quick biodegradation. The degradation of climbazole in the aerobic activated sludge system was fitted well by the first-order kinetic model with a half-life of 5.3 days, while fluconazole tended to stay in liquid and had only about 30% of loss within 77 days incubation. Ten biotransformation products of climbazole were identified by high resolution mass spectrometry using suspect and non-target screening method. But no biodegradation products of fluconazole were identified due to its limited removal. The possible biodegradation pathways for climbazole were proposed based on the products identification and pathway prediction system, and involves oxidative dehalogenation, side chain oxidation and azole ring loss. The findings from this study suggest that it should be a concern for the persistence of fluconazole in the environment.