Reactions to psychological contract breach: a dual perspective

This study examined reactions to psychological contract breach from two separate perspectives, that is, employee's reactions to perceptions of employer breach and supervisor's reactions to perceptions of employee breach of the psychological contract. In addition to the main effects, we also hypothesized that the benevolence (or kindness) of the supervisor and the traditional values (or respect for authority) of the employee would attenuate the negative effects of psychological contract breach. We tested these hypotheses with a sample of 273 supervisor‐subordinate dyads from the People's Republic of China. The results showed that employer breach correlated negatively with employee outcomes of organizational commitment (OC), organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and work performance, but this negative relationship was weaker for employees with traditional values. The results also demonstrated that employee breach correlated negatively with responses from the supervisor, in terms of the mentoring provided to the employee and the leader‐member exchange (LMX) quality. However, more benevolent supervisors reacted less negatively in terms of the mentoring than did the less benevolent supervisors. Implications for future research are offered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

长江中游地区贫困村空间分异研究

以长江中游地区的湖北省、湖南省以及江西省在十三五规划当中所涉及的贫困村为研究对象，采用核密度分析、最近邻指数以及空间自相关等空间统计法，对贫困村的数量、空间分布密度及模式、垂直梯度分异等特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1）长江中游地区贫困村省际分布有所不同。数量上湖南省>湖北省>江西省，并且同时存在典型的“平原型”贫困村和“山区型”贫困村，且在省域、国贫县、省贫县、非贫县、城市圈等多级尺度下的数量特征不同；（2）在城市群或者城市圈内，贫困村分布呈现低值集聚，而省域交界处的山区多为贫困村分布的高值集聚区；在巫山、雪峰山和武陵山的贫困连片分布区，贫困村多呈均匀型分布；在江汉平原地区，出现显著的集聚型分布；（3）贫困村的垂直空间分异显著。贫困村主要分布在海拔<200 m的平原地区，随着海拔的升高，数量不断减少。研究有利于更好地认知和理解长江中游地区的贫困村空间格局，实施更为科学的“精准扶贫”战略。     

Coupling magnetic particles with flocculants to enhance demulsification and separation of waste cutting emulsion for engineering applications

Magnetic particles were coupled with a flocculant to enhance the demulsification and separation of waste cutting emulsions. The optimal magnetic particle size and critical magnetic field conditions were investigated to achieve large-scale engineering application of magnetic demulsification separation for waste cutting emulsion treatment. The micro-scale magnetic particles were found to show comparable effects to nano-scale magnetic particles on enhancing the demulsification and separation of cutting emulsions, which are beneficial for broadening the selectivity of low-cost magnetic particles. The critical magnetic separation region was determined to be an area 40 mm from the magnetic field source. Compared to the flocculant demulsification, the magnetic demulsification separation exhibited a significant advantage in accelerating flocs–water separation by decreasing the separation time of flocs from 180–240 min to less than 15 min, compressing the flocs by reducing the floc volume ratio from 60%–90% to lower than 20%, and showing excellent adaptability to the variable properties of waste cutting emulsions. Coupled with the design of the magnetic disk separator, continuous demulsification separation of the waste cutting emulsion was achieved at 1.0 t/hr for at least 10 hr to obtain clear effluent with 81% chemical oxygen demand removal and 89% turbidity reduction. This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying magnetic demulsification separation to large-scale continuous treatment of waste emulsion. Moreover, it addresses the flocs–water separation problems that occur in practical flocculant demulsification engineering applications.     

地铁施工事故统计分析与研究*

为了解我国城市地铁施工事故规律特征,降低新建地铁线路施工事故发生频率,统计分析2011—2020年全国31个省市自治区（不包括港澳台）地铁施工事故,归纳事故发生时间、事故类型、施工工法的分布特征,基于灰色关联分析法（GRA）对地铁施工事故致因进行分析。研究结果表明:地铁施工事故季节性特征突出,3,8,11月份呈多发态势;科学技术进步和规章制度完善是保证我国轨道交通运营里程高速增长和施工事故率降低的有效手段;事故类型以坍塌为主,且事故造成影响最大;违章作业、设备设施缺陷、地质环境不良和安全监管未贯彻落实分别为“人、物、环、管”4个维度的关键致因因子。     

不同红外分光法对水中污染油分析的研究

采用两种不同的红外光度法(分散红外分光光度法和非分散红外光度法)对不同组成的矿物油进行了比较测定,结果表明:当矿物油中的芳烃含量与“标准油”中芳烃含量相近时,两种方法分析结果基本一致;当矿物油中芳烃含量较高时,非分散红外光度法测定结果明显偏低;当样品中芳香烃含量与“标准油”中的芳香烃含量相差较大时,采用分散红外光度法,可以获得更准确、可靠的结果。研究结果还表明,随着测试样品中芳烃含量的增加(>50%),分散红外光度法也会出现较大的偏差。     

杭钢电炉厂除尘器改造探索

分析了杭钢电炉厂除尘器运行中出现的问题,对原设计进行了改造,并达到了改造效果。     

中国季风区降水构成对降水中稳定同位素的影响：以长沙为例

降水构成是指对流或平流降水量在总降水量中所占比例,不同的降水构成对降水稳定同位素的丰度会产生重要的影响。基于长沙地区实测的日降水稳定同位素数据和GNIP月降水同位素数据,对不同时间尺度、不同季节时段以及不同降水强度下降水构成对降水中稳定同位素影响的变化特征进行分析和比较,旨在揭示不同的降水构成对降水中稳定同位素影响的差异,深化对季风区降水形成过程中稳定同位素变化规律的认识。结果表明：云中对流强度的差异造成了不同季节对流降水量占总降水量的比例（convective precipitation fraction,CPF）与总降水量之间相关关系的差异。在日和月时间尺度下,在暖半年,CPF随总降水量的增大而减小,而在冷半年,CPF随总降水量的增大而增大。无论是在暖半年还是在冷半年,日时间尺度下长沙站降水中的δ¹⁸O随CPF增大不断偏正。在月时间尺度下,包括长沙站在内的中国季风区大部,降水中δ¹⁸O与CPF均呈正相关。由于不同季节对流活动的强度不同会造成降水构成的不同,也使得相对于暖半年,冷半年时段降水构成对降水中稳定同位素的影响要强于降水量效应的影响,因此在冷半年长沙地区δ¹¹⁸O—CPF线性回归方程的斜率随降水强度的增大而增大,而在暖半年,δ¹⁸O—CPF斜率随降水强度的增大而减小。     

环保设施社会化运营面临的问题及对策

从环保设施社会化运营的实际出发，认为环保设施社会运营风险难以确定，推广困难，自建与他建的区别对待，委托方与运营公司的利益冲突等是其在推广实施过程中遇到的主要问题和阻碍。文章分析了这些问题产生的原因，并提出了加强宣传推广、探索降低风险的措施，制度和健全相应的政策法规，尽快制定环保设施运营管理有关规范等相应的对策。     

如何提高我国现阶段网络远程教育质量

网络远程教育是随着计算机技术、多媒体技术、网络通信技术的发展而形成的一种新型教育方式.本文针对我国网络远程教育的现状,分析我国目前制约网络远程教育的客观问题,提出了一些看法和措施,旨在说明提高教学质量是确保网络远程教育发展的关键因素.     

三峡库区1997年平水期水质同步监测的W值法评价

利用Ｗ值法对１９９７年５月５日上午１０时整在长江干流三峡库区段和嘉陵江、乌江进行的水质同步监测结果进行评价，分析了库区水质沿程分布情况，并与１９９６年同步监测结果进行了比较，提出控制库区水污染几项建议。