广西北仑河口红树植物叶片和土壤的碳氮磷生态化学计量特征

红树林湿地生态系统是兼具陆地和海洋生态特征的海岸生态关键区。本研究以广西北仑河口的天然红树林为研究对象,对4种红树植物(木榄、桐花树、秋茄和白骨壤)叶片和2个剖面土壤(0～10 cm和30～40 cm)的C、N、P含量及其计量特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1) 4种红树植物叶片C、N、P平均含量分别为492. 49 mg/g、13. 39 mg/g和1. 35 mg/g,其中C含量表现为桐花树秋茄木榄白骨壤,而N、P含量为白骨壤秋茄桐花树木榄,叶片C∶N、C∶P、N∶P值分别为39. 04、414. 63、10. 47,该结果表明北仑河口红树植物具有较高的碳汇能力,其生长更易受N限制;(2)土壤C、N、P平均含量分别为28. 65 mg/g、1. 04 mg/g和0. 22 mg/g,其中N、P含量表现为0～10 cm30～40 cm,而C含量表现为30～40 cm0～10 cm。N、P含量和C∶N、C∶P值在两个土壤剖面间存在极显著差异;(3)叶片N、P含量与土壤N、P含量的相关性不显著,而土壤P含量与叶片C含量、C∶P及N∶P值有显著或极显著的负相关关系,土壤N含量与叶片C∶P和N∶P值分别呈现显著正相关和极显著负相关关系,该结果可能与红树植物的生理生态特征以及河口海岸环境(潮汐、微地形等)有密切关系。     

临近空间环境探空火箭膨胀落球探测技术

针对临近空间大气环境探测需求,介绍了一种可用于30~100 km临近空间大气密度、风场、温度和气压的原位探测技术——探空火箭膨胀落球探测技术,阐述了其探测原理、系统组成和探测过程,采用仿真方法模拟了膨胀落球的探测数据,并利用模拟探测数据成功反演了30~100 km临近空间大气密度、风场、温度和气压等大气产品。该技术具有探测要素多、探测高度范围广、载荷成本低、设备较为简单等特点,对于我国临近空间环境探测和环境研究具有重要意义。     

Effect of liming on plant accumulation of cadmium under upland or flooded conditions

Liming a Cd-amended red earth (typical hapludalf) decreased plant shoot Cd content both in upland and in flooded conditions. The effect was due to the restriction of the total uptake of Cd from soil and the Cd transfer from roots to shoots following liming. Pot soil samples were sequentially extracted with 1 M ammonium acetate, 0.125 M Cu(II) acetate, and 1 m HNO3 to fractionate Cd into exchangeable, complexed, and acid-soluble forms. Results showed that soil flooding decreased exchangeable Cd and increased Cd in the complexed fraction. Liming also transferred Cd from exchangeable fraction to other lower available fractions depending on water regimes. With upland conditions, the Cd was transferred to the residual fraction, and to a lesser extent to the acid-soluble fraction, whereas in flooded soil the lost exchangeable Cd was recovered mainly in complexed fraction where the Cd was potentially more available for plants compared with that in residual and in acid-soluble fractions. Therefore, soil liming for controlling plant Cd uptake would be more favourable in upland rather than flooded conditions.     

原油管道减阻剂加剂作业风险辨识与评估

对原油管道减阻剂加剂装置及加剂作业进行了风险辨识,对加剂装置的工艺及设备进行了安全分析,采用工作危害分析方法对加剂作业进行了风险评估,并针对存在的主要风险点提出了相应的对策措施。     

集成式污水处理装置的技术进展

对于小型分散式社区而言,连网到集中式的污水处理系统太过昂贵,然而就地处理系统可以高效地服务于这些地方。作为就地处理的一种方式,集成式污水处理装置的利用越来越广泛,其工艺技术也得到了各方面的完善。本文归纳和总结了国内外集成式微型污水处理装置的技术发展和应用现状,分析了国内现有集成式污水处理装置的存在的不足,提出了集成式污水处理装置的发展方向。     

亚硝酸钠对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞侵袭能力的影响

为了研究亚硝酸钠对人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞侵袭能力的影响,用0.25 mmol.L-1 亚硝酸钠孵育细胞48 h,然后收集细胞培养液上清.用人工基底膜包被的Transwell小室记录细胞侵袭能力,考马斯亮蓝及α-微管蛋白免疫荧光染色观察细胞骨架,western blot检测细胞基质金属蛋白酶（MMPs）表达.结果显示,用亚硝酸钠孵育SMMC-7721细胞48 h,穿膜细胞为211.5±17.6个,较对照组176.3±15.5个具有显著性差异（P﹤0.05）;用亚硝酸钠孵育48h细胞培养液上清加无血清培养液组细胞穿膜数为165.12±7.90个,较无血清培养液阴性对照组30.32±11个明显增多（P﹤0.05）;细胞培养液上清加含10%牛血清白蛋白（FBS）组细胞穿膜数为186.73±9.41个,较单纯含10%FBS阳性对照组细胞穿膜数170.54±9.6个也增多（P﹤0.05）. 0.25 mmol.L-1 亚硝酸钠处理细胞48 h,细胞骨架微丝聚合呈应力纤维,沿细胞纵轴延伸,使细胞胞体伸长,微管蛋白聚合;MMP-2 和MMP-9蛋白表达增加.上述结果说明,亚硝酸钠通过诱导细胞骨架重排,促进人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞侵袭能力.     

改性火山岩生物滤料对微生物吸附实验研究

采用酸处理、铁盐处理和铝盐处理火山岩滤料,并将未处理的和改性的3种滤料分别在30℃、60 rpm/min条件下吸附恶臭假单胞菌野生菌和重组菌,通过测量OD600值的变化,比较它们的吸附效果。结果表明:它们的吸附率随时间延长而增大,3.5 h后对野生菌的吸附率分别为27.70%、34.84%、36.83%和31.69%,对重组菌的吸附率分别为31.65%、37.31%、38.23%和35.25%。3种改性滤料都有较好的吸附效果,每克滤料吸附野生菌菌数分别为0.308×1010个、0.363×1010个、0.372×1010个、0.340×1010个;吸附重组菌菌数分别为,0.704×1010个、0.885×1010个、0.936×1010个、0.805×1010个,其中铁膜滤料吸附效果最好。把微生物吸附在滤料上处理废水,能结合它们处理废水的优势,且可以回收滤料,为研究改性滤料固定化微生物在废水处理中的作用和效果上提供实验依据。     

Climate change, water availability and future cereal production in China

Climate scenarios from a regional climate model are used to drive crop and water simulation models underpinned by the IPCC A2 and B2 socio-economic development pathways to explore water availability for agriculture in China in the 2020s and 2040s. Various measures of water availability are examined at river basin and provincial scale in relation to agricultural and non-agricultural water demand and current and planned expansions to the area under irrigation. The objectives are to understand the influences of different drivers on future water availability to support China's food production. Hydrological simulations produce moderate to large increases in total water availability in response to increases in future precipitation. Total water demand increases nationally and in most basins, but with a decreasing share for agriculture due primarily to competition from industrial, domestic and municipal sectors. Crop simulations exhibit moderate to large increases in irrigation water demand which is found to be highly sensitive to the characteristics of daily precipitation in the climate scenarios. The impacts of climate change on water availability for agriculture are small compared to the role of socio-economic development.The study identifies significant spatial differences in impacts at the river basin and provincial level. In broad terms water availability for agriculture declines in southern China and remains stable in northern China. The combined impacts of climate change and socio-economic development produce decreases in future irrigation areas, especially the area of irrigated paddy rice. Overall, the results suggest that there will be insufficient water for agriculture in China in the coming decades, due primarily to increases in water demand for non-agricultural uses, which will have significant implications for adaptation strategies and policies for agricultural production and water management.     

Biased sex ratio and low population density increase male mating success in the bug Nysius huttoni (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)

Demographic factors such as operational sex ratio (OSR) and local population density (LPD) are temporally and spatially dynamic in the natural environment but the influence of these variables on male mating success and the mechanisms behind it are still poorly understood and highly controversial. Here, we manipulated the OSR and LPD of a seed bug, Nysius huttoni, and carried out a series of mating trials to test how these variables affected male mating success. The two demographic factors had no significant interactions, suggesting that they affect male mating success independently in N. huttoni. In this species male mating success was significantly higher in both male- and female-biased OSR than in even OSR. It is suggested that, in male-biased OSR, the increased intensity of competition and interference does not result in lower male mating success; rather, males may make more effort in courting and females may have more chance to encounter better males, resulting in higher male mating success. In female-biased OSR, females may become less choosy and less likely to reject male mating attempt, leading to the higher male mating success. Lower male mating success in N. huttoni in high LPD may be due to increased interference between males and/or delayed female receptiveness for mating. OSR had a stronger effect on male mating success than LPD in N. huttoni, suggesting that OSR and LPD affect mating success in different ways and intensities.     

老工业区环评要点——以江苏常州钟楼经济开发区新闸工业园为例

以往开发区区域环评编制对象主要是新建开发区,较少涉及工业用地开发强度几近饱和的老开发区。本文以江苏常州钟楼经济开发区中新闸工业园区的区域环评为例,围绕“优化、调整、再优化”的思路,阐述了此类开发区环评编制的评价要点及方法,以及开发区环评编制过程中如何与规划调整的反馈互动的机制,系统地提出了老工业区环境评价的技术体系,为此类经济开发区的合理规划提供了借鉴与参考。