Long-term variations of CO2 trapped in different mechanisms in deep saline formations: A case study of the Songliao Basin,China

The geological storage of CO₂ in deep saline formations is increasing seen as a viable strategy to reduce the release of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. There are numerous sedimentary basins in China, in which a number of suitable CO₂ geologic reservoirs are potentially available. To identify the multi-phase processes, geochemical changes and mineral alteration, and CO₂ trapping mechanisms after CO₂ injection, reactive geochemical transport simulations using a simple 2D model were performed. Mineralogical composition and water chemistry from a deep saline formation of Songliao Basin were used. Results indicate that different storage forms of CO₂ vary with time. In the CO₂ injection period, a large amount of CO₂ remains as a free supercritical phase (gas trapping), and the amount dissolved in the formation water (solubility trapping) gradually increases. Later, gas trapping decrease, solubility trapping increases significantly due to the migration and diffusion of CO₂ plume and the convective mixing between CO₂-saturated water and unsaturated water, and the amount trapped by carbonate minerals increases gradually with time. The residual CO₂ gas keeps dissolving into groundwater and precipitating carbonate minerals. For the Songliao Basin sandstone, variations in the reaction rate and abundance of chlorite, and plagioclase composition affect significantly the estimates of mineral alteration and CO₂ storage in different trapping mechanisms. The effect of vertical permeability and residual gas saturation on the overall storage is smaller compared to the geochemical factors. However, they can affect the spatial distribution of the injected CO₂ in the formations. The CO₂ mineral trapping capacity could be in the order of 10 kg/m³ medium for the Songliao Basin sandstone, and may be higher depending on the composition of primary aluminosilicate minerals especially the content of Ca, Mg, and Fe.     

Improving public access to environmental information in China

Providing public access to environmental information is a relatively new approach to environmental management that can improve the quality of environmental decision-making and pollution control. China is currently exploring ways to disclose this environmental information, and has found that many aspects of providing environmental information need to be improved. In particular, work still needs to be done to strengthen the laws and regulations that govern public access to environmental information, to expand environmental disclosure among enterprises, to increase disclosure of environmental information in rural areas and enforce the collection of this information, and to investigate and manage environmental information. In this paper, we review the current situation in China, discuss the problems related to this situation, and present recommendations for improvement.     

基于ArcSDE的地震紧急救援数据库建设

提出了建设地震紧急救援数据库的必要性,阐述了地震紧急救援数据库的建设目标,分析了ArcSDE的基础原理,以四川省紧急救援队为例,介绍了利用ArcSDE技术构建地震紧急数据库的建设方法。     

An improved extraction method to determine the initial emittable concentration and the partition coefficient of VOCs in dry building materials

Based on the extraction method presented by Smith et al. (2008), this paper proposes an improved method, the multi-emission/flush regression method, to simultaneously determine the initial emittable concentration and the partition coefficient. Compared to the extraction method, the proposed method has the following advantages: (1) it is unnecessary for the target volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to emit completely from the material, thus greatly reducing experimental time; (2) it provides a simpler way to obtain the partition coefficients of VOCs for tested materials and can avoid the measurement uncertainties at low VOC concentrations which often occur during the last few cycles of the extraction method; (3) it does not require grinding the building material into powders thus making this method more convenient to use. Comparisons were made between the initial emittable VOC concentrations determined by the original extraction method and the proposed method. Results show good agreements between these two methods. To further validate the proposed method, the type of static chamber developed by Wang et al. (2006) was used to conduct the experiment for a type of medium density board, and formaldehyde was selected as the target compound. Based on the initial emittable concentration and partition coefficient obtained using the proposed method, and the diffusion coefficient obtained by the mercury intruding porosimetry, the chamber formaldehyde concentration was predicted and compared with the experimental measurements. Results show that the predicted chamber VOC concentration using the measured parameters agree well with the experimental data.     

甲基硫菌灵生产废水处理的研究

采用沉淀-氧化-厌氧-好氧工艺处理甲基硫菌灵生产废水。研究结果表明,废水经沉淀一氧化预处理后,COD从10000～12000mg／L降至1000～1500mg／L,再经厌氧和好氧处理后COD最终降至70～80mg／L;从废水的第一、第三次沉淀中均可回收铜离子（可作为第二次沉淀用沉淀剂）,从废水的第二次沉淀中可回收硫氰化亚铜产品,该产品用途广泛、市场价值高,可显著降低废水处理的成本。     

絮凝剂的开发及其应用进展

文章对无机絮凝剂、有机高分子絮凝剂、微生物絮凝剂(MBF)和其他絮凝剂进行了介绍,综述了絮凝剂的研究现状,对以上几种絮凝剂在废水处理等领域中的应用情况进行了阐述。比较了几种絮凝剂的特点,并对絮凝剂的发展趋势进行分析和展望。     

A港区海上溢油事故数值模拟预测

为研究A港区溢油事故的影响,通过MIKE21软件建模、并综合考虑风向、风速和潮流等因素设定6种不同情景进行模拟预测。结果显示,在不利风条件下,72 h油膜扩散距离为0.7~39.50 km,扫海面积可达0.03~142.97 km²,风场对油粒子的漂移和扩散起决定性作用,潮流场次之。通过模拟预测,为加强区域溢油应急联动、充分利用周边溢油应急资源,做好溢油应急防范提供参考。     

赤水河流域水体抗生素污染特征及风险评价

为了初步探究贵州赤水河流域地表水的抗生素浓度分布特征及潜在生态风险,利用固相萃取-液相色谱串联质谱法(SPE-LC-MS)对地表水样品中21种抗生素进行检测分析.结果表明,赤水河地表水共检出12种抗生素,总浓度水平为ND～1 166.97 ng·L-1,氧氟沙星、甲氧苄啶和磺胺嘧啶的检出率均为100％.平均检出浓度最高...