电除尘器阳极板振打加速度分布规律与仿真设计

应用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA对影响电除尘器阳极板振打效果的锤头质量、锤臂长、悬挂方式及极板厚度等因素进行了数值仿真,分析了各因素对阳极板振打加速度分布的影响;利用分析结果对振打装置的结构进行了改进设计,结果表明可以较好地满足工业除尘的要求。本研究提出的电除尘器阳极板振打仿真方法为电除尘器振打装置的参数设计提供了一条新的途径。     

区域旅游资源开发战略理论阐释

旅游资源开发战略是旅游资源开发总思路、总方针的高度凝练和体现,与当地旅游资源状况的相适应情况直接关系到区域旅游的发展状况。就常用的区域旅游资源开发战略进行理论阐述,以期深化理解旅游资源开发主要战略的思想内涵,对旅游规划的制定、旅游资源开发实践活动的开展和区域旅游发展的科学决策有所启示和帮助。     

Dissipation and residue of metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil

A simple and accurate method of determining metalaxyl and cymoxanil in pepper and soil was developed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection. The limits of detection were 0.015 mg/kg for metalaxyl and 0.003 mg/kg for cymoxanil. The limits of quantification were 0.05 mg/kg for metalaxyl in pepper and soil as well as 0.01 mg/kg for cymoxanil in pepper and soil. Recoveries of pepper and soil were investigated at three spiking levels and ranged within 77.52 to 102.05 % for metalaxyl and 87.15 to 103.21 % for cymoxanil, with relative standard deviations below 9.30 %. For field experiments, the half-lives of metalaxyl were 3.2 to 3.9 days in pepper and 4.4 to 9.5 days in soil at the three experimental locations in China. At harvest, pepper samples were found to contain metalaxyl and cymoxanil well below the maximum residue limit MRLs of the European Union (EU) following the recommended dosage and the interval of 21 days after last application.     

Estimation of optimum supply of shared cars based on personal travel behaviors in condition of minimum energy consumption

Environment, Development and Sustainability - This study developed a method to determine the optimum supply of shared cars according to personal travel behaviors in the condition of minimum energy...     

阿曼原油和溢油分散剂对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎形态发育的毒性效应

为研究经溢油分散剂(GM-2)处理阿曼原油对硬骨鱼类形态学发育毒性,将斑马鱼胚胎作为受试生物,采用半静态暴露方法,观察0~120 hpf(hour post-fertilization)斑马鱼胚胎的致死率、孵化率和畸形率,并应用斑马鱼胚胎发育毒性试验形态学得分系统(General Morphology Score(GMS)System)评估阿曼原油暴露诱导的斑马鱼胚胎形态发育毒性。结果显示,相较于水溶组分(water-accommodated fractions,WAF),加入GM-2后的化学增强型水溶组分(chemically enhanced water-accommodated fractions,CEWAF)水样中总石油烃(total petroleum hydrocarbons,TPH)浓度显著增加,由(5.233±0.213)mg·L-1增至(292.989±11.905)mg·L-1;120 hpf时,WAF和CEWAF组的致死率均有不同程度的升高,100%WAF的致死率为30.2%±2.8%,而≥40%CEWAF的致死率均已超过半数致死率,其半数致死浓度LC50为153.318 mg·L-1;通过对GMS分析,WAF和CEWAF暴露均会在不同程度上导致斑马鱼胚胎发育显著延迟,主要表现在鱼鳔未形成、心率异常、血液循环停滞和行动(胸鳍摆动、尾部摆动等)迟缓,且均能显著延迟胚胎孵化甚至造成胚胎不孵化;由畸形率可知,阿曼原油具有较强的致畸性,以心包水肿、背部弯曲和尾部弯曲最显著。由结果可知,经GM-2处理后的阿曼原油(CEWAF)比未处理的阿曼原油(WAF)对斑马鱼胚胎产生更严重的毒性效应。     

极性有机物整合采样技术在监测水环境中农药的应用

明确水环境中农残的污染状况对研究其环境行为和生态风险至关重要。传统主动采样法耗能、耗力且单次采样仅获得瞬时浓度值。被动采样节能、方便且为时间加权平均浓度,利于大规模采样。极性有机物整合采样技术(polar organic chemical integrative sampler,POCIS)是针对极性有机物的被动采样技术,近年来在水环境中农药监测的运用越来越广泛。本文概述了POCIS结构、原理和校正方法,探讨了环境因素(如水流速率、温度、p H、溶解性有机质、盐度和膜污染)、化合物性质及POCIS结构对农药采样速率(Rs)的影响。此外,综述了POCIS在监测水环境中农药的应用,展望了POCIS在该领域中的问题、解决方式及前景。     

可用于血清游离铜快速检测的特异性识别元件

铜离子广泛存在于环境和食品中,机体中游离铜离子含量增加可导致神经系统功能紊乱和肝、肾损害等。目前铜离子的检测方法主要有:原子吸收光谱法(AAS)、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICPMS),这些方法虽然检测结果准确、灵敏度高,但仪器昂贵、样品处理复杂且不能区分铜离子的存在形态。因此,探索基于铜离子特异性识别元件构建的荧光或电化学检测方法在游离铜快速特异性响应中的应用受到了广泛青睐,其对应的铜离子特异性识别元件如有机小分子、纳米材料、生物分子等亦得到了不断地丰富和发展。有机小分子设计灵活,纳米材料响应灵敏,生物分子特异性强、生物相容性好,此三者作为特异性识别元件在血清游离铜的检测中具有广阔的应用前景。     

石化企业浮顶罐大呼吸损耗核算方法分析

石化企业储罐无组织排放挥发性有机物(VOCs)带来严重的环境问题和油品损耗问题,以浮顶罐的大呼吸损耗为代表。在概述浮顶罐大呼吸损耗机理的基础上,以北京某石化企业的甲苯内浮顶罐为基准案例,对国内外4种核算公式进行了对比分析,考察了影响浮顶罐大呼吸损耗的因素,并提出有效的减耗措施。结果表明:采用我国推荐的公式进行核算更符合我国实际,需建立和完善以我国有机液体理化参数和储罐构造为基准的核算方法和软件;影响浮顶罐大呼吸损耗的主要因素包括油品性质、周转量、罐体直径、罐壁黏附系数等,其中罐壁黏附系数为关键影响因素。     

Hydrolytic Degradation of PPDO/PDLLA Blends Containing the Compatibilizer PLADO

The poly(para-dioxanone) (PPDO)/poly poly (dl-lactide) (PDLLA) blends containing various contents of compatibilizer (0, 1, 3, 5, 10 %) were prepared by solution co-precipitation, which were dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP) to form 10 % wt/vol solutions. Then in vitro hydrolytic degradation of PPDO/PDLLA blends containing poly (dl-lactide-co-para-dioxanone) (PLADO) as the compatibilizer was studied by the changes of weight loss, water absorption, thermal properties, surface morphology and mechanical properties of samples in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.44) at 37 °C for 8 weeks. During the degradation, the weight loss and water absorption increased significantly for all blends, whereas hydrolysis rate of blends varied with the blend composition. The samples’ glass transition temperature decreased notably, while the degrees of crystallinity increased. Compared with uncompatibilized PPDO/PDLLA blends, PPDO/PDLLA blends with compatibilizer exhibited higher hydrolysis rate. The results suggested that the compatibilizer (PLADO) accelerated the hydrolysis rate of PPDO/PDLLA blends during the degradation.     

Heavy metal speciation in various types of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator

Fly ash (FA) from municipal solid waste incinerators has been known as hazardous waste, which is mostly because of the high content of heavy metal and dioxins. Besides the content, the form of the heavy metals in fly ash is also very important, because it is tightly related with the leaching behavior of fly ash in diverse circumstances. To evaluate the environment potential risk of fly ash, the Tessier chemical extraction method was adopted. In this study, four kinds of fly ash were examined, one sample from China (CFA) and the other three from Japan (RFA, CaFA and NaFA). Five metal elements were detected and they were Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, and Cu. The result of total heavy metals’ concentration showed CFA has the lowest content. As to the Tessier chemical extraction experiments, the results show that Cd, Pb, and Cu have higher leaching risk in the environment than other heavy metals. The result of leaching test experiment showed that the more exchangeable speciation of Cd, Cr and Pb in FA, the more it could leach out in natural environment.