熵权法在铀矿井下空气环境安全评价中的应用研究

为科学合理地评价铀矿井下空气环境质量,通过对广东某铀矿及辽宁某铀矿井下空气环境的调查,分析了铀矿井下空气环境的特点及其危害,确定氡、氡子体、铀矿尘、CO、NO2及矿井气候6个指标为影响铀矿井下空气环境质量的主要因素,依此建立铀矿井下空气环境安全评价指标体系.采用模糊综合评价法建立了铀矿井下空气环境安全评价模型,并采用熵权法客观赋权的方式确定各评价指标权重,避免了评价过程中人为主观因素的影响,从而得到比较客观的评价结果.以南方某铀矿井为例,运用建立的评价模型对其井下采场、巷道掘进、天井掘进3个工作面空气环境质量进行安全评价.结果 表明,采场工作面空气环境质量为良好,巷道掘进工作面和天井掘进工作面空气环境质量为中等.其评价结论可为企业优化井下工作场所空气环境质量提供参考.     

坡度对跨座式单轨隧道临界风速的影响

为研究不同坡度隧道在大功率火源情况下的烟气运动,采用1∶20的缩尺隧道模型,通过试验对不同坡度情况下(-6%,-3%,0%,3%,6%)的大火源功率火灾(20,50 MW)时的隧道纵向通风临界风速进行研究。结果表明:0%坡度时,20 MW和50 MW的临界风速相差不大;有坡度时,逆坡送风的临界风速大于顺坡送风的临界风速。根据试验结果拟合得出大火源功率(20,50 MW)条件下坡度为-6%至6%时的临界风速与坡度的关系,并对前人提出的坡度与临界风速的关系式进行修正。     

Vertical distribution and effect of historical residual organochlorine pesticides on microbial community structure in sediment cores from an abandoned oxidation pond after dredging for 15 years

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The vertical distribution pattern of 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), together with microbial ester-linked fatty acid methyl ester (EL-FAME)...     

Insights into highly effective catalytic persulfate activation on oxygen-functionalized mesoporous carbon for ciprofloxacin degradation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Nanocarbons have been demonstrated as promising carbon catalysts for substituting metal-based catalysts for the green treatment of wastewater. In this...     

Enhanced activation of peroxydisulfate by strontium modified BiFeO3perovskite for ciprofloxacin degradation

A series of Sr-doped BiFeO₃ perovskites (Bi_1-xSr_xFeO₃, BSFO) fabricated via sol-gel method was applied as peroxydisulfate (PDS) activator for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. Various technologies were used to characterize the morphology and physicochemical features of prepared BSFO samples and the results indicated that Sr was successfully inserted into the perovskites lattice. The catalytic performance of BiFeO₃ was significantly boosted by strontium doping. Specifically, Bi_0.9Sr_0.1FeO₃ (0.1BSFO) exhibited the highest catalytic performance for PDS activation to remove CIP, where 95% of CIP (10 mg/L) could be degraded with the addition of 1 g/L 0.1BSFO and 1 mmol/L PDS within 60 min. Moreover, 0.1BSFO displayed high reusability and stability with lower metal leaching. Weak acidic condition was preferred to neutral and alkaline conditions in 0.1BSFO/PDS system. The boosted catalytic performance can be interpreted as the lower oxidation state of Fe and the existence of affluent oxygen vacancies generated by Sr doping, that induced the formation of singlet oxygen (¹O₂) which was confirmed as the dominant reactive species by radical scavenging studies and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests. The catalytic oxidation mechanism related to major ¹O₂ and minor free radicals was proposed. Current study opens a new avenue to develop effective A-site modified perovskite and expands their application for PDS activation in wastewater remediation.     

Simultaneous photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of phenol over monoclinic BiVO4 under visible light irradiation

BiVO4 powder with monoclinic structure was prepared and used as a visible-light catalyst simultaneously for the photooxidation of phenol and the photoreduction of Cr(VI). The photocatalytic efficiency was found to be rather low for either single phenol solution or single Cr(VI) solution. However, the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and photocatalytic oxidation of phenol proceed more rapidly for the coexistence system of phenol and Cr(VI) than for the single process, showing synergetic effect between the oxidation and reduction reactions. For the simultaneous photocatalytic reduction-oxidation process, the first-order kinetic constant of phenol degradation was 0.0314 min-1, being about six times higher than that for the photocatalytic process of single phenol. This result reveals the feasibility of using Cr(VI) as the electron scavenger of mBiVO4-mediated photocatalytic process of phenol degradation, and gives us an enlightenment to employ other semiconductor with a better visible light response but with a more positive band edge to efficiently degrade organic pollutants. This is the first report for simultaneous photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and removal of phenol under visible light irradiation using photocatalyst mBiVO4.     

光催化氧化苯甲酸时TiO2中毒机理及再生方法的研究

以苯甲酸作为模型污染物,采用强制中毒的方法研究了TiO2在悬浮光催化氧化体系中的中毒过程,并通过对中毒TiO2进行IR、SPS及XPS表征,分析了中毒后TiO2的表面性质,揭示了苯甲酸光催化降解过程中TiO2光催化剂的中毒机理.采用高温焙烧、UV光照射及超声波振荡等方法对中毒TiO2进行再生,并考察再生效果.研究表明,实验条件下,催化剂反复使用20次后将完全中毒.引起TiO2中毒的主要原因是苯甲酸及其降解中间产物,如羟基苯甲酸、顺丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸等吸附、积累在TiO2表面,占据了TiO2的表面活性位置,使其光催化活性下降;TiO2在使用过程中出现的团聚现象也会导致其活性降低.比较了高温焙烧、UV光照及超声波清洗3种方法对中毒催化剂的再生效果的比较研究,结果表明,3种方法均能使中毒后TiO2的催化活性得到一定恢复,其中高温焙烧对中毒TiO2的再生效果较好.     

废水处理中污泥减量技术研究进展

污泥的处理与处置已成为国内外污水处理厂的沉重负担,污泥减量成为解决此问题的重要途径。根据污泥减量的不同原理分别介绍了多种污泥减量技术,较全面的综述了各种污泥减量技术的的研究应用现状,并且对这些技术的优缺点、处理效果和适用范围进行了综合比较,同时探讨了各技术存在的问题与将来的发展方向。     

太湖地区湖水与河水中溶解N2O及其排放

水体是N₂O排放的重要来源.2000-09～2001-09,每月2次采样(重复3次)连续监测太湖地区太湖和大运河水体N₂O排放通量和水中溶解的N₂O浓度,还同时监测不同深度水样中的N₂O浓度.结果表明,太湖N₂O-N的年均排放通量为3.53 μg/(m²·h),而大运河已高达122.5,μg/(m²·h).太湖湖水中溶解N₂O-N浓度为0.36μg/L,大运河河水中浓度高达11.31μg/L,浅水型水体是N2O排放的源.结果还表明,不同深度水中N2O浓度差异不明显,而时间差异显著.水面N2O的排放通量和水中溶解的N2O浓度呈显著正相关关系,二者又都与水温呈显著正相关. .