高压脉冲放电等离子体对水中土霉素的降解

采用针-板式高压脉冲放电等离子体降解水中土霉素,考察了放电输出功率、空气流量、电极间距、溶液初始浓度、初始pH、初始电导率和添加Fe2+的量对土霉素去除率的影响。实验结果表明,高压脉冲放电等离子体对水中土霉素有较好的去除效率,在初始浓度200 mg/L,放电功率64 W,电极间距8 mm,空气流速0.05 m3/h,初始pH为2.6,初始电导率1.083 mS/cm条件下,反应12 min后,土霉素的去除率可达97%。向溶液中添加Fe2+,可提高土霉素的去除率。TOC随着反应时间的延长逐渐减小,反应12 min时,TOC去除率可达57%,说明大分子物质被降解为小分子物质,部分被完全矿化为CO2和H2O。     

Speciation of Cu and Zn during composting of pig manure amended with rock phosphate

Pig manure usually contains a large amount of metals, especially Cu and Zn, which may limit its land application. Rock phosphate has been shown to be effective for immobilizing toxic metals in toxic metals contaminated soils. The aim of this study work was to investigate the effect of rock phosphate on the speciation of Cu and Zn during co-composting of pig manure with rice straw. The results showed that composting process and rock phosphate addition significantly affected the changes of metal species. During co-composting, the exchangeable and reducible fractions of Cu were transformed to organic and residue fractions, thus the bioavailable Cu fractions were decreased. The rock phosphate addition enhanced the metal transformation depending on the level of rock phosphate amendment. Zinc was found in the exchangeable and reducible fractions in the compost. The bioavailable Zn fraction changed a little during the composting process. The composting process converted the exchangeable Zn fraction into reducible fraction. Addition of an appropriate amount (5.0%) of rock phosphate could advance the conversion. Rock phosphate could reduce metal availability through adsorption and complexation of the metal ions on inorganic components. The increase in pH and organic matter degradation could be responsible for the reduction in exchangeable and bioavailable Cu fractions and exchangeable Zn fraction in rock phosphate amended compost.     

Enhanced removal of arsenic from a highly laden industrial effluent using a combined coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process

Effective arsenic removal from highly laden industrial wastewater is an important but challenging task. Here, a combined coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process, with ferric chloride and calcium chloride as coprecipitation agents and polymer-based nanocomposite as selective adsorbent, has been validated for arsenic removal from tungsten-smelting wastewater. On the basis of operating optimization, a binary FeCl₃ (520 mg/L)–CaCl₂ (300 mg/L) coprecipitation agent could remove more than 93 % arsenic from the wastewater. The resulting precipitate has proved environmental safety based on leaching toxicity test. Fixed-bed column packed with zirconium or ferric-oxide-loaded nanocomposite was employed for further elimination of arsenic in coprecipitated effluent, resulting in a significant decrease of arsenic (from 0.96 to less than 0.5 mg/L). The working capacity of zirconium-loaded nanocomposite was 220 bed volumes per run, much higher than that of ferric-loaded nanocomposite (40 bed volumes per run). The exhausted zirconium-loaded nanocomposite could be efficiently in situ regenerated with a binary NaOH–NaCl solution for reuse without any significant capacity loss. The results validated the combinational coprecipitation/nano-adsorption process to be a potential alternative for effective arsenic removal from highly laden industrial effluent.     

影响省级环境监测中心站职工积极性因素的调查

调查结果表明,在二十项调查内容中,省环境监测站职工普遍对工作条件类指标（单位的领导水平、良好的工作环境、和睦的人际关系、领导重视和单位的前途）寄予很高的期望。对经济类指标（福利待遇和稳定的经济收入）反映强烈。此外,对能够体现知识分子能力和水平的职称晋级问题也有较高的要求     

磺胺类抗生素复合污染降解菌的筛选及其降毒作用

磺胺类抗生素是环境中检测出率较高的一类污染物.微生物降解是一种相对安全、高效且成本低的污染物去除技术,而关于磺胺类抗生素复合污染降解菌对该类抗生素的去除及其降毒能力方面的研究较少.因此,以3种磺胺类抗生素:磺胺吡啶(SP)、磺胺氯哒嗪(SCP)和磺胺二甲嘧啶(SM2)为碳源,从土壤中筛选3种磺胺类抗生素复合污染的降解菌...     

合成洗涤剂废水处理技术研究

探讨了生物接触氧化法处理含合成洗涤剂废水的技术，求得了最佳工艺条件。试验结果表明，生物接触氧化法能有效地处理含合成洗涤剂废水，在适当条件厂，ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率可达到８０％～８７％，ＣＯＤｃｒ容积负荷为３５～５．ｇｋｇ／ｍ３·ｄ。采用生物接触氧化－化学凝聚组合工艺，可使ＣＯＤｃｒ去除率提高到９２％～９６％。     

氟化氢对水稻和青菜产量的影响

利用开顶式熏气装置,对水稻和青菜进行长时间的HF暴露试验。通过在熏气过程中对叶片电导率、含氟量和脯氨酸的分析比较,以及在熏气结束后对水稻穗数、千粒重和青菜鲜重的生物量统计测定,讨论和评价了HF对该作物产量的影响。     

环境噪声污染对人体健康的影响

环境噪声污染污染对人体健康危害十分严重，除影响听力外，还可能引发神经，心血管，消化，内分泌及免疫系统疾病，且对视力，优生优育均有不同程度影响。加强环境噪声污染的防治，对于保障人民健康有重要意义。     

新型高效生活污水净化系统的研制

采用新型填料Ｙａｋｕｌｔ和中心导流式曝气方式，设计制作了一体化设备对生活污水进行处理，试验表明，停留时间３０h左右，ＣＯＤｃｆ去除率〉８５％，ＢＯＤ５去除率〉９ ０％，ＳＳ去除率〉８７％，ＮＨ３－Ｎ去除经〉９２％，出水水质达到国家一级排放标准。     

环境样品中多氯联苯残留物的色谱/质谱定量测定

多氯联苯(简称PCB)是全球性的环境污染物之一,实际上它是由一百多种氯化联苯异构体所组成的。为了测定复杂环境样品中的PCB总残留量,Webb等首先提出了“各峰和”定量法,我们亦在先前的工作中采用二种国产PCB标样建立了相应的填充柱色谱定量方法,即分别定量测定样品中各氯化联苯色谱峰所含的PCB量,叠加后得到PCB总残留量。但是有机氯农药的广泛污染经常使PCB的测定受到干扰。我们研究了PCB及几种国内常用有机氯农药的质谱图,找出了一些能相互抗干扰的特征离子,将这些质量色谱图叠加所得的选择离子流可用于定量分析,使我们有可能同时测定几种化合物(见图1),省略了繁杂的化学分离和提纯步骤,缩短了分析时间,避免了处置过程中痕量样品的损失或沾污,增加了测定的可靠性。