Influence of tetracycline exposure on the growth of wheat seedlings and the rhizosphere microbial community structure in hydroponic culture

In this study, the effects of tetracycline exposure on wheat growth and the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere were investigated under hydroponic culture conditions. Exposure to various concentrations of tetracycline resulted in significant suppression of the growth of wheat roots and shoots, with minimum doses of 0.8 mg L^?1 and 4 mg L^?1 resulting in inhibition rates of 32% and 15.4%, respectively. Complete inhibition of the growth of these two parts of wheat plants was observed in response to treatment with tetracycline at 20 mg L^?1 and 100 mg L^?1, respectively. However, the germination of wheat seeds was not sensitive to exposure to tetracycline. The effects of tetracycline exposure on the microbial community in the wheat rhizosphere were evaluated through traditional cultivation and molecular biological analyses. The cultivation results indicated that bacteria were the dominant population, being present in concentrations of 1× 10⁸–2.45× 10⁹CFUs mL^?1, although 39% to 87% inhibition occurred in response to tetracycline. The concentration of fungi increased in all tetracycline treated samples to 2.5 to 15.8 times that of the control. The highest concentration of fungi (4.27× 10⁸ CFU mL^?1) was observed in response to 60 mg L^?1 tetracycline after 15 days of cultivation. In this stage, a large amount of fungal colonies was observed on the surface of the culture solution, the wheat roots became rotted and the plants became atrophic or even died. Molecular biological analysis indicated that the bacterial community structure was significantly different in samples that were exposed to high levels of tetracycline (over 20 mg L^?1) than in samples that were exposed to lower concentrations. As the concentration of tetracycline increased, the diversity of the bacteria decreased. Additionally, several dominant sensitive species such as Sphingobacterium multivorum were suppressed by tetracycline, while some resistant species such as Acinetobacter sp. appeared or were conserved. The bacteria population tended to stabilize when the drug concentration exceeded 40 mg L^?1.     

高铁酸钾预处理垃圾渗滤液

采用自制高纯度高铁酸钾预处理危废填埋场和垃圾焚烧厂的垃圾渗滤液,探讨和分析了处理效果。正交实验表明,高铁酸钾预处理危废填埋场渗滤液COD的最佳条件为:高铁酸钾与COD的初始质量浓度比为0.5、渗滤液初始pH值4.00、反应温度30℃、反应时间40 min,此时COD去除率达71.51%。此最佳条件下高铁酸钾对不同类型垃圾渗滤液的色度、SS、COD、BOD5、氨氮、总磷、重金属离子等污染因子都具有良好的去除效果,危废填埋场渗滤液经高铁酸钾预处理后可以直接进入后续生化处理系统;垃圾焚烧厂渗滤液预处理后其COD为2 861.0 mg/L,经二次预处理也可进入生化处理系统。实验结果表明,高铁酸钾对不同类型垃圾渗滤液都具有良好的预处理效果。     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的毒性作用研究

本研究选用大型蚤(Daphnia magna)作为实验生物,研究了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)对其急性毒性作用和慢性毒性作用,同时还研究了环境因素(温度、硬度、腐殖酸)对DBP24h-EC(50)的影响.结果表明DBP对大型蚤的24h-EC_(50)为10.35mg·1~(-1),温度、硬度和腐殖酸对DBP24h-EC_(50)均有一定影响.DBP对大型蚤的捕食行为产生抑制,EC_(50)在 6—7mg·1~(-1)之间.慢性毒性实验结果表明DBP对大型蚤的生长繁殖产生一定影响,低浓度DBP对大型蚤生长繁殖有一定的刺激作用,高浓度DBP对大型蚤生长繁殖存在抑制作用,BDP的最大允许安全浓度为1—2mg·1~(-1).     

露天煤矿声环境影响后评估——以胜利一号露天矿为例

本文以胜利一号露天矿为例,在主要噪声源强以及厂界和周边敏感目标的噪声级现状监测的基础上,对煤矿开发后声环境影响进行回顾性分析和验证性评价,结果表明：（1）煤矿四厂界环境噪声昼间和夜间均达到了《工业企业厂界环境噪声排放标准》（GB12348-2008）2类标准限值要求。噪声源中采掘场噪声较大,铁路装车站、铁路专用线以及破碎车间、机修车间、变电所、排水泵站、锅炉房等机修设备噪声源产生的噪声值相对较小。（2）随着煤矿开采量和开采面积的增加,露天煤矿采掘场噪声污染、厂界噪声和周边敏感点噪声会不断加大。而且,采掘场最大噪声级出现的方向也会随着开采方向的推进而变化。（3）验证性分析结果表明,胜利一号露天矿原环评结论较可靠,但预测结果相对偏低,偏低幅度昼间在5.2%-10.7%,夜间在2.4%-13.1%。（4）现状监测和回顾性分析表明,胜利一号露天矿噪声污染不太明显,目前采取的噪声防治措施起到了较好的防治效果。     

冷-热循环下能量桩热-力学特性的数值模拟

能量桩与地基土的热交换取决于建筑物的年能源需求,故能量桩每年受到冷-热循环作用。采用多场耦合有限元数值模拟方法,研究在力学荷载和随时间按正弦函数变化的温度荷载共同作用下悬浮能量桩的热-力学特性。结果表明,随着能量桩冷-热周期性的循环,温度荷载引起的桩身附加轴向应力、桩头附加竖向位移和桩侧附加剪应力也随时间周期性变化,且相位与温度荷载曲线的相位相同。桩升温最大时桩身轴向压应力达到最大值,桩降温最大时桩头沉降达到最大值。地基土的温度改变量随时间周期性地变化,其幅值在桩的中部深度附近最大,在桩二端深度附近较小。地基土温度的变化滞后于温度荷载。离桩越远,地基土的温度达到其最大值的时间越滞后。     

长公路隧道交通安全研究

由于在长公路隧道中行驶时车道相对封闭、光线时强时弱、行车自由度偏小、空气不易流通等,在隧道内易发生交通事故,而且交通事故发生后易引起火灾,产生的浓烟较难疏散,事故后果及事故救援方法都与其他的交通事故不同。随着隧道交通事故数量不断增加,隧道已经成为交通事故的主要空间分布点和事故黑点。采用事故致因理论,详细分析了造成交通事故的各种原因,找出了引发事故的根源,然后提出了一系列隧道交通安全措施。最后构建了公路隧道交通事故应急系统,可最大程度减少交通事故损失。     

三江源畜牧业示范区土壤重金属含量特征及评价

为了明确三江源智慧生态畜牧业示范区内土壤重金属元素含量特征及潜在风险,2015年7月在三江源智慧生态畜牧业示范区11个示范村镇进行土壤样品采集,带回实验室分析Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni含量。对数据进行统计分析并采用内梅罗综合污染指数和生态危害指数进行风险等级评价。结果显示:部分采样点重金属元素含量高于青海省背景值;Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni主要受土壤母质的影响,Cd受自然和人为因素的双重影响,Hg主要受人为因素影响;内梅罗综合污染指数显示11个点位的指数都小于1,该地未出现污染状况;生态危害指数显示除GMY点位处于轻微风险等级,其余采样点为中等风险等级。总体上示范区内土壤未出现强污染和面源污染状况,但需要加强点源污染的风险防范。     

内循环溶气工艺在浮选系统中的应用

分析了内循环射流溶气工艺原理 ,通过对实际工作中应用的总结 ,说明其实际运行中的有效性     

含单环芳香烃废水的超声降解实验研究

利用超声波译水体中的单环芳香烃降解进行探索性试验。结果表明，超声辐照７０ｍｉｎ，含单环芳香烃废水的降解规律基本遵循一级反应动力学；超声辐照９０ｍｉｎ，初始浓度为２．２９５～１４．５７ｍｇ／Ｌ的含苯废水，却除率可达到９９％以上。     

Influence of the structure and composition of Fe–Mn binary oxides on rGO on As(III) removal from aquifers

Fe–Mn binary oxide (FMBO) possesses high efficiency for As(III) abatement based on the good adsorption affinity of iron oxide and the oxidizing capacity of Mn(IV), and the composition and structure of FMBO play important roles in this process. To compare the removal performance and determine the optimum formula for FMBO, magnetic graphene oxide (MRGO)–FMBO and MRGO–MnO₂ were synthesized with MRGO as a carrier to improve the dispersity of the adsorbents in aquifers and achieve magnetic recycling. Results indicated that MRGO–FMBO had higher As(III) removal than that of MRGO–MnO₂, although the ratios of Fe and Mn were similar, because the binary oxide of Fe and Mn facilitated electron transfer from Mn(IV) to As(III), while the separation of Mn and Fe on MRGO–MnO₂ restricted the process. The optimal stoichiometry x for MRGO–FMBO (Mn_xFe_3-xO₄) was 0.46, and an extraordinary adsorption capacity of 24.38 mg/g for As(III) was achieved. MRGO–FMBO showed stable dispersive properties in aquifers, and exhibited excellent practicability and reusability, with a saturation magnetization of 7.6 emu/g and high conservation of magnetic properties after 5 cycles of regeneration and reuse. In addition, the presence of coexisting ions would not restrict the practical application of MRGO–FMBO in groundwater remediation. The redox reactions of As(III) and Mn(IV) on MRGO–FMBO were also described. The deprotonated aqueous As(III) on the surface of MRGO–FMBO transferred electrons to Mn(IV), and the formed As(V) oxyanions were bound to ferric oxide as inner-sphere complexes by coordinating their “–OH” groups with Mn(IV) oxides at the surface of MRGO–FMBO. This work could provide new insights into high-performance removal of As(III) in aquifers.