Resourcefulization approaches to pollution control of chromate residues in China

Over 2 million tons of chromate residues as hazardous wastes have been accumulated from chromate production processes during the past more than 30 years in China. Some serious pollution problems have been caused due to no appropriate technology and management. Approaches are reviewed to pollution control of chromate residues by utilizing them as secondary resources in this paper. In addition to legislation for pollution control, chromate residues can be used as raw materials to produce a great diversity of useful industrial products. Strategies are also recommanded for the resourcefulization of chromate residues.     

不同pH值条件下Fe3+、Cu2+和Zn2+对厨余垃圾两相厌氧消化水解酸化过程的影响

通过间歇实验研究了在pH=7和不调节pH两种情况下添加不同浓度的Fe3 、Cu2 和Zn2 对厌氧消化水解酸化阶段有机酸组分和含量的影响.结果表明,pH=7时,添加50 mg/L Fe3 和30 mg/L Cu2 ,有利于厨余垃圾水解酸化过程的进行,反应生成的VFA(挥发性脂肪酸)含量增加.不调节pH时,添加100 mg/L以下的Fe3 和Cu2 对VFA含量也有所促进,但乳酸含量也增加.在2种pH条件下添加Zn2 对反应的促进或抑制作用均不明显.     

灰霾的健康效应

灰霾是颗粒物和气体污染物导致的可察觉到的能见度降低的污染天气现象.近年来,随着城市化进程的快速发展,城市大气污染加剧,灰霾天气也随之增多.总结了灰霾这一污染型天气的特征,介绍了灰霾的化学成分、污染机制等,并从影响机制和流行病学角度出发,对国内外灰霾对人体的健康效应研究成果进行了综合评述,提出目前急需解决的科学问题和今后的研究方向.     

Equilibrium and kinetic studies on the adsorption of aniline compounds from aqueous phase onto bifunctional polymeric adsorbent with sulfonic groups

In the present study, a hydrophilic bifunctional polymeric resin (LS-2) with sulfonic groups was synthesized, and the adsorption performance of three aniline compounds, aniline, 4-methylaniline, and 4-nitroaniline onto LS-2 was compared with that on the commercial Amberlite XAD-4. The uptake of the aniline compounds on LS-2 is a procedure of coexistence of physisorption and chemisorption and obeys the pseudo-second order rate equation, while the uptake of the compounds on XAD-4 is merely a physical adsorption and follows the pseudo-first order rate equation. All the isothermal data fit well with the Freundlich model, and the values of K(F) of the compounds adsorbing on LS-2 are much higher than those on XAD-4 suggesting the higher adsorbing capacities on LS-2 than those on XAD-4, which may be attributed to the microporous structure and the polar groups on the network of LS-2 resin. Dynamic adsorption and desorption studies for aniline on LS-2 show that the breakthrough adsorption capacity and the total adsorption capacity are 0.96 and 1.24 mmol per milliliter resin, respectively. Nearly 100% regeneration efficiency for the adsorbent was achieved by 5% hydrochloric acid.     

脉冲供电在锌沸腾炉电除尘器上的应用

介绍了一种电除尘器脉冲供电的基本原理及其在锌沸腾炉电除尘器上的应用试验情况。结果表明，在基本保持同一工况条件下，脉冲供电比直流供电降低出口烟气含尘浓度50.4%～79.6%；脉冲供电能改善电除尘器运行性能，提高电除尘器改善系数达1.32；脉冲供电运行安全可靠。     

Fenton试剂处理选矿废水机理研究

研究了用Fenton试剂处理选矿废水中残余的黄药,分别考查了氧化时间、反应初始pH值、Fe2+浓度及H2O2用量对黄药降解效果的影响,用正交试验确定了4个因素的最好条件。结果表明:初始pH值和H2O2用量是影响去除效果的主要因素;氧化时间为60 m in,反应初始pH=4,[Fe2+]=20 mg/L,[H2O2]=20 mg/L,黄药的浓度为125 mg/L时,黄药的去除率达到99.5%;初步探讨了Fenton试剂净化废水中黄药的机理是.OH自由基先将黄药氧化为过氧化黄原酸盐,再将其氧化为CO2,黄药得到去除。     

铁黄生产中废水处理与废渣的回收利用

介绍了氧化铁黄生产中的废水治理情况，同时其产生的废渣可回收利用。经过治理产生的环境、经济和社会效益显著。     

宁波-舟山海域入海污染物环境容量研究

在宁波-舟山海域数值模拟潮流场的基础上,建立了该海域各污染源的响应系数场,计算了主要污染源COD、无机氮和活性磷酸盐的分担率场,及各污染源和控制单元的环境容量.研究结果将为该海域入海污染物总量控制提供科学依据.     

二氧化氯销毁氰化物的应用研究

在弱碱性条件下,二氧化氯消毒剂将氰化物氧化成无毒的氰酸盐(OCN-)、二氧化碳和氮气.研究了影响二氧化氯销毁氰化物的几种因素:pH在8～11的范围内,不影响二氧化氯对氰化物的销毁率;在所试验的反应温度(0～40℃)内,温度对反应速率表现出有限的影响;二氧化氯与氰离子的最佳质量比为2:1;当氰离子最高使用浓度小于0.5 g/L时,废水中氰离子浓度达一级以上的排放标准.     

曝气生物滤池处理焦化废水脱氮的研究

用曝气生物滤池处理焦化废水的研究表明,在曝气量(Q)=0.25L/min,温度(T)=20℃,pH=8,反冲洗周期为3个运行周期内,NH3-N的去除速率达44 mg/L·h.同时在滤池中出现了亚硝酸盐积累现象,且受反冲洗的影响较大.