投加ABS颗粒对MBR膜过滤特性的影响

向膜生物反应器(MBR)中投加ABS颗粒,以干扰膜表面泥饼层的形成和减轻膜污染的发生。结果表明,向MBR中投加粒径为1 mm的ABS颗粒,发现颗粒的最佳投加量为1.5 kg/m3,投加颗粒的膜运行时间是对照实验运行时间的3倍。颗粒对膜表面泥饼沉积层抑制明显,与对照实验泥饼层重量最大相差290 g,颗粒使膜上泥饼层的分布也不同。颗粒的投加也改变了污泥EPS含量,相比对照实验,多糖、蛋白质含量分别提高了17.2%和8%,污泥粘度提高了17.6%。细格栅与颗粒使MBR对TN、TP去除效果分别提高了8.5%和9.7%,对COD的影响不大。     

碳源类型对以NO2-为电子受体短程反硝化过程的长期和短期影响

短程生物脱氮是未来污水生物处理的主流技术,其反硝化过程是实现氮去除的关键步骤。碳源类型是NO2-还原过程的重要因素之一,为选择适于以NO2-为电子受体的反硝化碳源,采用序批式反应器（SBR）,考察4种碳源（乙酸钠、甲醇、乙醇和生活污水）对NO2-为还原过程长期和短期影响。实验结果表明,微生物对不同碳源具有较强的适应性,经过一定时间的驯化,可明显提高微生物的反硝化能力,与未驯化时相比,还原速率分别提高3.1、2.1、1.7和2.4倍。培养初期,四种碳源条件下NO2-还原速率的大小关系为：r乙醇=1.3r乙酸钠=2.6r生活污水=3.8r甲醇。长期驯化稳定后,NO2-还原速率的大小关系为：r乙酸钠=1.4r乙醇=2.6r生活污水=4.3r甲醇。此外,经过驯化后,微生物可适应较高的pH值,增强抵抗pH波动的能力。当存在多种碳源时,微生物优先利用已驯化碳源。4种碳源中,乙酸钠最容易被微生物利用,还原速率为40.7 mg·（g·h）-1,而甲醇较难被微生物利用,其还原速率为26.2 mg·（g·h）-1。     

催化湿式氧化处理高含硫废水的研究

利用催化湿式氧化法对一高含硫废水的处理效果进行了系统的研究。筛选出适合处理该种废水的WH型合金催化剂 ,并在此催化剂上考察了反应温度、压力、空速以及气水比 (体积 )等工艺条件对废水处理效果的影响 ,同时考察了废水在催化湿式氧化反应处理前后可生化性的变化。在 2 6 5℃、7.0MPa、空速 =1.0h- 1 、气 H2 O(体积 ) =2 0 0条件下 ,废水COD去除率可达到 77.1%。经过催化湿式氧化处理后 ,废水的BOD5 CODCr值显著提高 ,其值由 0 .0 16提高至 0 .6 4 ,可生化性良好     

多相光催化反应器辐射能模型的建立与验证

采用双通量模型模拟了管式三相流化床光催化反应器中辐射能分布和局部体积能量吸收速率,并采用负载型TiO2/SiO2光催化剂进行了实验验证,考察了液相介质、通气量及催化剂浓度对光辐射强度和体积能量吸收速率的影响.实验结果表明,实验数据和模型计算值能够较好吻合,蒸馏水做液相介质时,可将气液鼓泡流看成单一的连续相,催化剂浓度越...     

Removal efficiencies of PCDDs/PCDFs by air pollution control devices in municipal solid waste incinerators

Removal efficiencies of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) by air pollution control devices (APCDs) in the commercial-scale municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators with a capacity of above 200 ton/day were evaluated. The removal efficiencies of PCDDs/PCDFs were up to 95% when the activated carbon (AC) was injected in front of electrostatic precipitator (EP). Spray dryer absorber/bag filter (SDA/BF) had high removal efficiency (99%)) of PCDDs/PCDFs when a mixture of lime and AC was sprayed into the SDA. When the AC was not added in scrubbing solution, the whole congeners of PCDDs/PCDFs were enriched in the wet scrubber (WS) with negative removal efficiencies of -25% to -5731%. Discharge of PCDDs/PCDFs was decreased with increasing the proportions of AC added in scrubbing solution. Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system had the removal efficiencies of up to 93% during the test operation.     

西安大气气相中的多环芳烃

利用PUF被动采样器于2008年8月—2009年7月采集了西安大气样品,研究了大气气相中多环芳烃（PAHs）的含量和季节分布特征。结果表明,西安大气气相中16种美国EPA优控的PAHs（Σ16PAHs）质量浓度为10.9-489.6 ng/m3（平均为143.4 ng/m3）,四季具有明显的季节差异,依次为夏季（62.5 ng/m3）〈春季（80.1 ng/m3）〈秋季（175.8 ng/m3）〈冬季（255.2 ng/m3）。气相中PAHs主要以3-4环为主,占总量的86.5%-94.1%。利用主成分分析法判断四季气相中PAHs的污染来源类型,主要为燃煤和机动车尾气及生物质燃烧的复合源。     

钢渣预处理含铬废水及其废渣与铬渣的固化

用钢渣对含铬废水进行预处理，探讨了钢渣粒度、用量、废水pH值和添加硫酸亚铁还原剂的影响。结果表明，经硫酸亚铁还原处理后再用钢渣处理比单纯用钢渣处理的效果明显提高，采用钢渣／总铬质量比为40的100目钢渣处理经硫酸亚铁还原后的含铬废水，总铬和Cr^6＋去除率分别达79％和84％，采用钢渣柱进行的两级淋滤实验进一步表明该方法可作为工业上含铬废水处理的预处理段。处理后的废钢渣同工业铬渣一起进行水泥固化，标准养护20d后固化体表面Cr^6＋浸出率、破碎至5mm粒径以下和酸雨淋溶下的浸出液Cr^6＋浓度均符合安全标准，可作为普通建材或进行填埋处置。     

Carbamazepine and diclofenac: removal in wastewater treatment plants and occurrence in water bodies

In the aquatic environment, pharmaceuticals have been widely found. Among them, carbamazepine and diclofenac were detected at the highest frequency. To evaluate the worldwide environmental impacts of both drugs, their global consumption volumes are estimated, based on the dose per capita. The metabolites of these pharmaceuticals are also of environmental concerns, especially trans-10,11-dihydro-10,11- dihydroxycarbamazepine (CBZ-diol) which probably has a similar concentration in water bodies to that of its parent drug. The removal efficiencies and mechanisms of both drugs in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are discussed with the actual state of knowledge. The occurrences of both drugs are examined in various water bodies including WWTP effluents, surface waters, groundwater and drinking water. Their chemical, physical and pharmacological properties are also addressed in context, which can largely influence their environmental behaviors. The ecotoxicological studies of both drugs imply that they do not easily cause acute toxic effects at their environmental concentrations. However their chronic effects need cautious attention.     

大纵湖大型底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价

2013年1月中旬对大纵湖5个采样点的大型底栖动物进行调查,共采集底栖动物29种,其中DZ1的优势种为苏氏尾鳃蚓(Branchiura sowerbyi);其他各点的优势种为长角涵螺(Alocinma longicornis)。采用理化分析、Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数、BPI指数对各点水质进行了综合评价。结果表明:DZ4属于β-中污染水质,其他各点属于α-中污染水质;对主要的环境因子与底栖动物密度进行相关性分析,发现DO与底栖动物群落未显著相关,NH3-N、NO-3-N、CODMn等因子更能代表水体的污染水平和营养状态,且随着营养状态的升高,耐污种类的颤蚓类数量呈现出增高趋势;寡毛类、蛭类、摇蚊幼虫、水生昆虫和软体动物5者之间除了寡毛类和蛭类存在极显著正相关性之外,其他无显著相关性。