基于源导向的土壤重金属风险评价及管控因子分析

量化重金属来源风险可以识别主要污染源,为减轻土壤重金属对生态和人类健康风险提供科学依据.以桂北某铅锌矿流域浅层土壤为研究对象,利用潜在生态风险评价（RI）和人体健康风险评价（HRA）进行生态和人体健康风险评价,利用绝对主成分-多元线性回归受体（APCS-MLR）模型和随机森林模型进行土壤重金属源解析,最后结合RI、HRA和APCS-MLR组成联合风险评价模型量化土壤重金属来源风险.结果表明,ω（Pb）、ω（Zn）、ω（Cu）和ω（Cd）均值分别为342.77、693.34、61.27和3.08 mg·kg^-1,含量均超出农用地土壤环境筛选值,存在一定程度的污染;Pb、Cr和As是主要健康风险影响因子,对儿童的健康风险要高于成年人;源解析结果识别出矿山开采活动（来源Ⅰ）、成土母质及原生地层（来源Ⅱ）和未知源,其中Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd主要由来源Ⅰ,Cr和As主要由未知源和来源Ⅱ贡献;土壤重金属来源风险评价结果表明,潜在生态风险和非致癌风险主要由来源Ⅰ和来源Ⅱ贡献,而致癌风险主要由未知源贡献;未知源在来源解析和风险评价均占有较高比例,应对其进一步研究,为土壤重金属防治提供科学依据.基于源解析的联合风险评价模型,注重不同来源的风险特征,精准查明高风险污染源,是一种更为合理可靠的风险评价方法.     

紫外吸收光谱法监测硫化氢浓度的实验研究

紫外吸收光谱法是利用不同气体在紫外波段对光具有选择吸收的特性来测量排放烟气中的气体成分和浓度。基于这种方法设计出一套能够实时、在线监测硫化氢的实验装置。在常温常压状态下,通过对测量的一次光谱进行分析,计算出硫化氢的标准吸收截面,选择合适的数据处理方法,减小浓度计算时的误差,可得出硫化氢的实时浓度值。     

不同通风模式下地铁站毒气扩散的实地试验

为全面了解通风系统对地铁站内有毒气体扩散的影响,以北京某地铁站为研究对象,开展了全尺寸实地扩散试验.采用三维超声波风速仪对机械通风和应急通风下的站内流场进行监测,分析其气流组织形式;采用六氟化硫(SF6)释放,时序采集和离线检测的方法,研究重气的扩散与沉降,为疏散路径规划提供建议.结果表明,应急模式下各监测点的风速更大...     

Ecological assessment of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation on eastern route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project

To evaluate the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation on the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, species composition, coverage, height, and biomass of wetland communities at 22 sites of the study area on the shore of Nansi Lake in April and May 2007 were investigated. The wetlands under investigation were divided into platform fields, transition zones, and shallow water zones according to differences in elevations, water levels, and human activities. The species richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou Evenness index were adopted to delineate and discuss the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation in 22 quadrates. Results showed that the species richness of the wetland areas after 2 years’ rehabilitation amounted to 47 of 24 families, higher than 25 of 20 families in areas without rehabilitation. The biodiversity index and abundance index of rehabilitated areas were also higher than those of platform fields and fish ponds where there was no rehabilitation. In addition, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and community evenness index of platform fields in rehabilitated wetland areas were 1.619, 0.745, and 0.860, respectively, higher than those of the platform fields before rehabilitating. The results suggested that the constructed lakeshore wetland played an important role in protecting the diversity of species.     

包钢总排水再生回用技术研究与实践

通过对包钢总排水再生回用工程工艺流程选择及主要参数的确定,以及工程主要设施与运行实践的归纳总结,为其他相似工程的规划、设计、施工提供借鉴。     

土著PHA合成菌回注法提高活性污泥积累聚羟基脂肪酸酯能力

在活性污泥驯化之初加入少量土著聚羟基脂肪酸酯(PHA)合成菌(0.10～0.25 g/L),通过10 d厌氧-好氧或好氧-沉淀方式进行污泥驯化后,以葡萄糖或乙酸钠为碳源进行PHA发酵.研究了驯化前后土著PHA合成菌回注组和对照组驯化过程中的总菌数,PHA合成菌数的变化,以及对PHA发酵产率的影响.结果表明:在回注组污泥中PHA合成菌的增长速率和增长量均高于对照组,各种污泥积累PHA占挥发性悬浮固体的比例提高了21.44%～43.18%.      

餐厨垃圾水热炭化产物分配规律及液固产物特性研究

以实采餐厨垃圾为对象,探究了3种反应强度("温和"180℃-1h、"中等"220℃-2h和"剧烈"260℃-4h)下餐厨垃圾水热炭化三相产物分配规律及液固产物特性.结果表明,反应强度显著影响产物分配.随反应强度提升,固相产物(水热炭)产率先上升后下降;液相产物(炭化液)产率先降低后趋于稳定;而气相产物产率持续上升.但无...     

青霉菌对印染废水吸附脱色及深度处理的研究

利用青霉菌P 1(Penicilliumsp )对 2种染浴废水中的染料进行吸附去除 ,研究结果表明 ,吸附处理 3h ,黑色和红色染浴废水色度基本被去除 ,去除率分别达 98 0 %和 74 5 % ,但去色处理后废水的CODCr值仍偏高。对去除色度的废水进一步用活性污泥进行深度处理 ,黑色和红色废水的CODCr去除率分别为 75 9%和 89 7%。青霉菌菌丝通过吸附作用从废水中抽提出的染料分子在有染料降解细菌L 1和L 2的降解池中脱色降解 ,菌丝吸附脱色能力得到再生。     

Knowledge domain and emerging trends of carbon footprint in the field of climate change and energy use: a bibliometric analysis

Carbon footprint (CF) research has attained tremendous popularity for improving the climate environment purposes. In particular, current energy use has been identified as the main cause of climate change. CF plays an irreplaceable role in managing energy use, reducing gas emissions, and improving climate change. The objective of this study was to review studies that have developed CF and to perform a bibliometric analysis using two key terms: “climate change” and “energy use”. From bibliometric analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer, it was possible to establish a knowledge map of cooperative network structure and research evolution. We are aiming to reveal the main logical chain of CF research leading to climate change, to make up for the lack of current literature, and provide research inspiration for researchers. The research findings mainly focus on four aspects. First, the relevant research began in 2008 and is in a state of continuous rise. Second, due to the law of research development and the prominence of practical problems, related research has experienced a stage from conceptual methods to specific problems. Third, China and the USA assume an important role in which international cooperation is the overall trend. Fourth, related research can be divided into CF algorithm research, ecological environment management research, and specific cross-industry fields. In addition, possible opportunities for change in related research are explored. It is also suggested that the integration of CF with other footprints, when energy use and environmental change are fully considered, may become an important future research trend by providing a more comprehensive environmental impact.

     

Variations and its driven factors of anthropogenic nitrogen loads in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2000–2019

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Since the millennium, China has economically taken off with rapid urbanization, and anthropogenic nitrogen emission intensity has undergone remarkable...