Marine and farmed fish on the Polish market: comparison of the nutritive value and human exposure to PCDD/Fs and other contaminants

Chemical analyses were performed in nine fish species that are popular on the Polish market. These included Baltic fish (cod, herring, salmon), fish farmed in Poland (carp, trout), marine fish imported from China (Alaska pollock, sole), and farmed fish imported from Vietnam and China (sutchi catfish, tilapia). The nutritional composition (amino acid, micro- and macronutrients, fat-soluble vitamins - A₁, D₃, E) and certain contaminants (organochlorine pesticides, OCPs; indicator polychlorinated biphenyl, PCB₆; polychlorinated dibenzo-paradioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans, PCDD/Fs; dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls, dl-PCBs; organotin compounds, OCTs; dyes, malachite green and crystal violet; veterinary drug residues, nitrofurans and chloramphenicol; toxic metals, Cd, Pb, Hg) in the muscle tissues of fish were determined. It was confirmed that the fish species analyzed were excellent sources of amino acids, and were rich in phosphorous and selenium. Baltic Sea fish (salmon, herring), fish farmed in Poland (carp and trout), and tilapia were also rich in vitamin D₃.Traces of OCP, PCB₆, OCT, dyes, veterinary drug residues, and heavy metals were detected in concentrations which do not pose a threat to consumers at the current rate of fish consumption in Poland. However, the problem might arise from the content of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs in fatty Baltic fish. The fish species analyzed, differed in their nutritional values and degrees of contamination. We suggest that for optimum health and safety, it is advisable that consumers include a variety of different fish species in their diets.     

Methods for the preparation of a biodesulfurization biocatalyst using Rhodococcus sp

Several methods to prepare a biodesulfurization (BDS) biocatalyst were investigated in this study using a strain of Rhodococcus sp. 1awq. This bacterium could selectively remove sulfur from dibenzothiophene (DBT) via the "4S" pathway. DBT, dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), sodium sulphate and mixed sulfur sources were used to study their influence on cell density, desulfurization activity, desulfurization ability, and the cost of biocatalyst production. In contrast to that observed from bacteria cultured in DBT, only partial desulfurization activity of strain 1awq was induced by DBT after cultivation in a medium containing inorganic sulfur as the sole sulfur source. The biocatalyst, prepared from culture with mixed sulfur sources, was found to possess desulfurization activity. With DMSO as the sole sulfur source, the desulfurization activity was shown to be similar to that of bacteria incubated in medium with DBT as the sole sulfur source. The biocatalyst prepared by this method with the least cost could remove sulfur from hydrodesulfurization (HDS)-treated diesel oil efficiently, providing a total desulfurization percent of 78% and suggesting its cost-effective advantage.     

项目决策阶段清洁生产分析方法的研究

企业在建设项目决策时就应该按照清洁生产的原则，从源头控制污染。提出了在项目决策中，应从产品选择、工艺路线选择、主要设备选型和节能降耗4个方面进行清洁生产的分析方法，通过此分析方法的应用，可以避免项目决策中的环境失误和降低企业的环境风险。     

钛白副产硫酸亚铁的综合利用研究

以钛白副产硫酸亚铁、氯化钾和氨水为原料，采用硫酸钾铵法制取硫酸钾。实验结果表明，该工艺生产的产品，其质量达到ZBG-21006-89国家标准，且此工艺流程简单、操作方便、条件易控制，无二次污染。     

A modeling assessment of association between East Asian summer monsoon and fate/outflow of α-HCH in Northeast Asia

Using a dynamic numerical atmospheric transport model for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), the relationship between the East Asian summer monsoon and the fate of α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), a banned OCP, in the atmosphere over Northeast Asia was investigated and assessed. The modeled temporal and spatial patterns and variability of α-HCH air concentrations during the summer months of 2005 revealed a strong link between this chemical in the atmosphere over Northeast Asia and the East Asian summer monsoon. At lower atmospheric levels, easterly and southeasterly winds blowing from relatively cold ocean surface convey α-HCH air concentration from southeast China to northeast China. A monsoon front extending from southeast China to Japan, characterized by a strong wind convergence, carried the air concentration to a high elevation of the atmosphere where it was delivered by southerly monsoon flow to northern China and North Pacific Ocean. This summer monsoon associated northward atmospheric transport caused a reversal of the soil/air exchange from outgassing to net deposition during spring–summer period. The modeled wet deposition fluxes of α-HCH agreed well with the changes in the typical summer monsoon rain bands, designated as Meiyu in China, Changma in Korea, and Baiu in Japan. The major wet deposition flux paralleled with the monsoon front as well as the monsoon rain bands. The temporal change in the fluxes exhibits abrupt northward advances, which is associated with a stepwise northward and northeastward advance of the East Asian summer monsoon. The modeled α-HCH outflow in the atmosphere from China occurs mostly in the summer months and through northeast China, featured strongly by the evolution of the summer month. This study suggests that the East Asian summer monsoon provides a major atmospheric pathway and summer outflows to α-HCH over East Asia.     

低温降解六六六优势菌种的选育研究

通过实验,筛选出低温条件(≤10℃)下降解六六六的优势菌株--1号菌株,同时利用正交实验测得该菌株的最佳降解条件为:pH=5.5、接菌量2 g/L、NH4Cl 0.8 g/L、KH2PO4 0.6 g/L、MgSO4 0.2 g/L.在此条件下,经30 d驯化后的菌株对六六六的降解率由原来的54.71%提高到62.58%     

城市污水石灰法深度处理工艺中有毒物质的变化规律

分别采用7-乙氧基异酚恶唑酮．脱乙基酶（EROD）活性测定法，重组人激素受体基因的酵母测试和Q67发光菌试验方法，对北京市某生活污水处理厂的进水、二沉出水以及经过石灰法深度处理后的出水中的类二恶英物质、类雌激素物质和急性毒性物质进行了分析。进水中的三类生物毒性效应物质中的急性毒性物质，可通过活性污泥法基本去除，而对类雌激素物质和类二恶英物质的去除率分别为76％和52％。经过石灰沉淀法的深度处理后，可使上述两类物质的总去除率达到95％和68％。出水中的雌激素当量水平与欧洲国家污水处理厂出水水平相当，而类二恶英物质的总浓度低于美国EPA饮用水中二恶英的最大允许浓度。展示了生物毒性测试方法在排水生态风险和工艺评价方面的应用潜力。     

A/O脱氮工艺的控制策略和应用性研究

根据A/O脱氮工艺的运行状况和影响因素 ,提出了应用在线传感器连续测定曝气池中DO浓度、氨氮浓度和硝酸氮浓度 ,并据此调节供氧强度、内循环回流量、有机碳源的投加以及硝化区和反硝化区的大小 ,这是保证A/O脱氮工艺良好处理效果的重要控制策略和思想。同时对近年来国外A/O脱氮工艺自动控制的应用及研究进行了简单的回顾。     

MnO2负载树脂的制备及对As（V）的去除效果

制备了大孔和DH302 2种MnO2的负载树脂。并用SEM、EDS手段表征了负载树脂，实验了负载MnO2后树脂对As（V）的去除效果。结果表明：负载树脂对As（V）的去除效果比原树脂有很大提高；吸附As（V）后的2种负载树脂，均能较好地解吸并可重新用于对As（V）的吸附实验。     

O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2加入量的简易控制方法

对与臭氧有着不同反应活性的3类有机污染物，探讨并建立了O3／H2O2高级氧化技术H2O2较优投加量的简易控制方法。结果表明，水中存在溶解臭氧是H2O2与臭氧降解效率具有协同作用的必要条件，另外，H2O2的较优加入量直接依赖于目标有机污染物与臭氧的反应活性。对于不同的有机物及在常规的臭氧化水处理时间内，H2O2加入量控制在单独臭氧化处理时水中溶解臭氧的20-30倍（质量比）之间为宜。这种简易控制H2O2加入量的方法对推广O3／H2O2技术在实际废水处理中的应用具有重要的意义。