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Youping?LiEmail author Zhisheng?ZhangEmail author Huifang?Liu Hong?Zhou Zhongyu?Fan Mang?Lin Dalei?Wu Beicheng?Xia 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2016,38(2):353-362
Twenty trace elements in fine particulate matters (i.e., PM2.5) at urban Chengdu, a southwest megacity of China, were determined to study the characteristics, sources and human health risk of particulate toxic heavy metals. This work mainly focused on eight toxic heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn). The average concentration of PM2.5 was 165.1 ± 84.7 µg m?3 during the study period, significantly exceeding the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (35 µg m?3 in annual average). The particulate heavy metal pollution was very serious in which Cd and As concentrations in PM2.5 significantly surpassed the WHO standard. The enrichment factor values of heavy metals were typically higher than 10, suggesting that they were mainly influenced by anthropogenic sources. More specifically, the Cr, Mn and Ni were slightly enriched, Cu was highly enriched, while As, Cd, Pb and Zn were severely enriched. The results of correlation analysis showed that Cd may come from metallurgy and mechanical manufacturing emissions, and the other metals were predominately influenced by traffic emissions and coal combustion. The results of health risk assessment indicated that As, Mn and Cd would pose a significant non-carcinogenic health risk to both children and adults, while Cr would cause carcinogenic risk. Other toxic heavy metals were within a safe level. 相似文献
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本文以常规气象资料为初值,用载水的原始方程模式,对早春时节我国北方一次低压层状云区的浓密、过冷空域,进行模拟催化增水的数值试验。与相同初值下的预报结果相比,催化区及其邻近地区出现大面积降水。模拟试验的结果从一个方面说明,通过对云区催化实现大面积增水,在科学上是可行的;以载水数值模式进行数值模拟试验,指导人工催化作业,有助于做到以较小的经济代价,取得较好的增水效果。 相似文献
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建立了松材线虫PCR检测标准化阳性对照及特异性强的PCR检测体系.根据松材线虫rDNA-ITS区和BxPe12基因的特异基因序列设计引物,并从中筛选出一对特异引物cqubs01/cquba01,该引物能从松材线虫特异性扩增出196 bp片段,而不能对其他种类线虫进行扩增.基于优化PCR反应体系和反应程序,稳定的检测体系得以建立,检测灵敏度为100 ps/μL.以松材线虫基因组DNA为模板,以上述特异引物进行PCR扩增,将纯化后的PCR产物与PMD18-T载体连接之后转入大肠杆菌中,筛选出阳性克隆进行测序验证,最终获得了松材线虫的无害化阳性对照,建立了松材线虫标准化阳性对照的PCR检测体系.对来自于不同地区的12批次近100个样品进行了实际检测验证,其结果与实际发生情况一致,说明本检测体系稳定可靠.图3表2参8 相似文献
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华北地区典型城市污水处理厂污泥填埋处置可行性分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对中国华北地区4座典型城市污水处理厂污泥(以下简称城市污泥)连续6年的泥质数据分析,探讨了城市污泥填埋处置的技术和经济可行性。结果表明,城市污泥不能直接进行填埋处置,若作为垃圾填埋场覆盖土或与城市垃圾混合填埋处置时,需要对其作进一步的无害化处理;随着华北地区城市污水处理厂进水要求的进一步提高,废水处理工艺的不断改进,在城市污泥各项污染物指标满足《城镇污水处理厂污泥处置混合填埋泥质》(CJ249—2007)后,可将其作为垃圾填埋场覆盖土或与城市垃圾混合填埋处置;在填埋场地条件许可、城市污泥产量大的华北地区,处置费用合理的填埋方式是较为适宜的城市污泥处置方式。 相似文献
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溶胶-凝胶工艺制备掺铅TiO_2纳米薄膜及其光催化性能的研究 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
通过sol-gel工艺在玻璃表面制得了均匀透明的掺铅和未掺铅TiO2纳米薄膜;在宏观上,膜层表面光滑平整;在微观上,TiO2薄膜由TiO2球形颗粒组成,其颗粒大小在50~150nm范围内。掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃在紫外光附近的透光率明显小于未掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃的透光率,这说明掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃对紫外光具有明显的吸收。敌敌畏水溶液的光摧化降解实验表明,掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃对有机磷农药的光解率明显高于未掺铅TiO2镀膜玻璃的光解率。这为进一步提高TiO2的光催化效率开辟了新的途径。 相似文献
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