Soil Changes Induced by Rubber and Tea Plantation Establishment: Comparison with Tropical Rain Forest Soil in Xishuangbanna, SW China

Over the past thirty years, Xishuangbanna in Southwestern China has seen dramatic changes in land use where large areas of tropical forest and fallow land have been converted to rubber and tea plantations. In this study we evaluated the effects of land use and slope on soil properties in seven common disturbed and undisturbed land-types. Results indicated that all soils were acidic, with pH values significantly higher in the 3- and 28-year-old rubber plantations. The tropical forests had the lowest bulk densities, especially significantly lower from the top 10?cm of soil, and highest soil organic matter concentrations. Soil moisture content at topsoil was highest in the mature rubber plantation. Soils in the tropical forests and abandoned cultivated land had inorganic N (IN) concentrations approximately equal in NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^?-N. However, soil IN pools were dominated by NH₄ ⁺-N in the rubber and tea plantations. This trend suggests that conversion of tropical forest to rubber and tea plantations increases NH₄ ⁺-N concentration and decreases NO₃ ^?-N concentration, with the most pronounced effect in plantations that are more frequently fertilized. Soil moisture content, IN, NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^?-N concentrations within all sites were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season. Significant differences in the soil moisture content, and IN, NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^?-N concentration was detected for both land uses and sampling season effects, as well as interactions. Higher concentrations of NH₄ ⁺-N were measured at the upper slopes of all sites, but NO₃ ^?-N concentrations were highest at the lower slope in the rubber plantations and lowest at the lower slopes at all other. Thus, the conversion of tropical forests to rubber and tea plantations can have a profound effect on soil NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^?-N concentrations. Options for improved soil management in plantations are discussed.     

稀土偶联剂活化纳米CaCO3改性纸塑复合材料在管材中的应用研究

介绍了以稀土偶联剂对纳米CaCO3进行表面活化处理,并作为改性剂对废旧纸塑复合材料进行生产管材的方案.探讨了纸塑复合材料的配方、纸塑编织袋的处理、工艺及制备方法.结果表明:经稀土偶联剂活化处理的纳米CaCO3进行改性的纸塑复合材料,可改善纸塑复合材料的加工性能,增强物料的界面黏结强度,提高管材的力学性能.     

哀牢山地农业气候资源利用及其与我国东部的分异

用≥１０℃积温并结合最热、最冷月均温与极端低温将哀牢山脉北段划分为５个山地气候带、６个山地农业气候层，各带（层）的上限高度背风东坡比迎风西坡提高５０－２００ｍ。因夏凉等限制，喜温作物种植的山地高度（气候）带比东部水平气候带明显降低，农业熟制也相应减少。     

湖北省桑树种质资源考察,鉴定与利用研究

通过对罗田等２８个县（市）和神农架林区桑树种质资源的调查，共收集桑树种质资源５６１份，经鉴定有９个桑种和１个变种。介绍了湖北省桑树资源的分布、生态型、桑属中种的检索、桑种的染色体倍数、应用价值的评估和资源利用等方面研究的情况。     

金融危机对我国银行信贷风险的影响

金融危机爆发以来,我国企业尤其是中小企业受到了严重影响,国家为了保证中小企业的健康发展,中央政府、各地政府及各级商业银行相继出台了多项措施,来帮助小企业融资。其中部分措施在执行过程中无形中增加了商业银行的中小企业信贷风险。结合当前的金融危机背景,通过分析国家出台的政策给商业银行带来的信贷风险,分别从不同角度就如何加强当前商业银行的信贷风险控制进行了研究。     

不同退化程度喀斯特生态系统根际土壤的养分分布特征

以贵州中部喀斯特地区由乔木林、灌木林和灌草丛等不同退化程度生态系统中的优势物种根际土壤为研究对象,测定其C、N、P全量及有效态质量分数,分析各优势物种根际土壤的养分变化。结果表明：3个生态系统中不同优势物种根际各类土壤养分质量分数变化较大,其中,土壤C、N、P养分为乔木林中园果化香根际土壤质量分数最高,白枥根际养分质量分数最低。可溶性有机碳质量分数为乔木林中最低,其平均水平不超过10 mg·kg-1。土壤磷素的供给能力为乔木林的园果化香和刺秋相对较强,其中园果化香中达到1.5%。而且优势树种间根际土壤有效态养分质量分数的差异明显高于全量养分,说明喀斯特地区根际土壤养分差异性主要受植被因素的影响,土壤有效态养分较全量养分对植被群落演替的响应更为灵敏,而且根际土壤养分质量分数和形态的变化与土壤有机碳质量分数有显著的正相关关系,这进一步说明喀斯特地区植被类型的变化对土壤养分的循环利用具有重要的影响作用。     

哀牢山（西南季风山地）空气湿度资源的分布特征

根据哀牢山北段东、西坡山地不同海拔８个气象站的同期湿度资料，研讨了该山地空气湿度资源的年变化、东坡与西坡差异及其垂直分布特征。结果表明：湿度最大值在７月出现，最小值在２～３月出现；西坡的湿度资源优于东坡，尤其是干季，西坡的增湿效应最显著；年均湿度随高度变化一般呈线性分布，水汽压随海拔升高而降低，相对湿度仅在雨季随海拔高度升高而增加，而在干季则与海拔高度相关性最差。