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191.
在生物法烟气脱硫技术(Bio-FGD)和络合吸收生物还原脱硝技术(BioDeNO_x)基础上,提出了生物结合络合吸收同步脱硫脱硝的工艺思路,该工艺利用加入Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA的碱性吸收液同时吸收烟气中的二氧化硫(SO_2)和一氧化氮(NO).本研究在厌氧反应器中实现烟气脱硫脱硝吸收产物硫酸盐和Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO/Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA的同步去除.结果表明,水力停留时间为16 h,p H维持在7.0时,硫酸盐的平均去除率为95.16%,Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO的平均去除率为96.61%.硫酸盐的还原产物主要以液相中硫离子和气相中硫化氢的形式存在,Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO的最终还原产物为N2.反应运行的各个阶段均可实现Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA的还原,但还原率会随HRT降低而下降.第5阶段反应器中主要的硫酸盐还原菌为Desulfomicrobium,同时存在异养反硝化菌Pseudomonas与两种硫自养反硝化菌Sulfurimonas与Sulfurovum,并发现了两种具有还原单质硫功能的菌属Thermovirga与Mesotoga. 相似文献
192.
The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N removal, membrane fouling, sludge characteristics and microbial community structure in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) coupled with worm reactors (SSBWR) were evaluated for 210 days. The obtained results were compared to those from a conventional MBR (C-MBR) operated in parallel. The results indicated that the combined MBR (S-MBR) achieved higher COD and NH3-N removal efficiency, slower increase in membrane fouling, better sludge settleability and higher activities of the related enzymes in the activated sludge. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the microbial community structures in the C-MBR and the S-MBR. The microbial community structure in the S-MBR was more diverse than that in the C-MBR. Additionally, the slow-growing microbes such as Saprospiraceae, Actinomyces, Frankia, Clostridium, Comamonas, Pseudomonas, Dechloromonas and Flavobacterium were enriched in the S-MBR, further accounting for the sludge reduction, membrane fouling alleviation and wastewater treatment. 相似文献
193.
Engineered oxide nanoparticles (NPs) are widely applied in insulators, catalyzers, paints, cosmetic products, textiles and semiconductors. Their attachment on cell membrane may lead to cytotoxicity. The effects of Al2O3, Fe2O3, SiO2, TiO2 and ZnO NPs on membrane integrity and fluidity were studied using giant or small unilamellar vesicles in this study. Al2O3 and SiO2 NPs disrupted the oppositely charged membrane, indicating the important role of electrostatic attraction. However, Fe2O3, TiO2 and ZnO NPs did not cause serious membrane disruption as Al2O3 and SiO2 NPs. Membrane fluidity was evaluated by the generalized polarity (GP) values of Laurdan fluorescent emission. SiO2 NPs induce the membrane gelation of both positively and negatively charged membrane. Al2O3 and ZnO NPs induced the gelation of the oppositely charged membrane, but did not cause obvious membrane gelation to the like charged membrane. The phospholipid molecular structural changes after NP exposure were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. FT-IR spectra revealed the hydrogen bond formation between NPs and the carbonyl/phosphate groups of phospholipids. Al2O3 and SiO2 NPs showed strongest evidence of hydrogen bonding on their FT-IR spectra. It was consistent with the microscopic observation and fluorescent data that Al2O3 and SiO2 NPs caused more serious membrane disruption and gelation. This study on membrane damage provides further knowledge on the cytotoxicity of nanomaterials and the safety of NP application. 相似文献
194.
为了处理制药企业废水中吲哚类有机污染物,采用好氧MBBR(移动床生物膜反应器)工艺对含吲哚废水进行了试验研究,通过考察HRT、曝气量、吲哚冲击负荷等工艺条件对吲哚、COD和NH_4~+-N等去除效果的影响,确定了好氧MBBR反应器的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明,在HRT在6~18 h变化时,MBBR工艺对吲哚去除率在8 h以上时达到100%,COD去除率在8 h达到89.65%,而NH_4~+-N去除率在12 h达到最高。在曝气量为0.1~0.12 m L/min时,MBBR工艺对COD和NH_4~+-N去除率分别为88.88%~92.95%和65%~66.83%。进水吲哚浓度25~65 mg/L变化时,好氧MBBR对吲哚去除率保持在100%,而对COD和NH_4~+-N去除率也保持在80%和40%以上,表明好氧MBBR工艺在处理难降解有机污染物方面具有显著优势。 相似文献
195.
196.
A simple approach to enhance the photocatalytic activity of red phosphorus(P) was developed.A mechanical ball milling method was applied to reduce the size of red P and to deposit graphene quantum dots onto red P. The product was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurements, zeta-potential measurements, X-ray diffraction and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. The product exhibited high visible-light-driven photocatalytic performance in the photodegradation of rhodamine B. 相似文献
197.
TiO_2 rutile/anatase heterostructure thin films with varying rutile thickness have been in-situ synthesized via DC magnetron sputtering with Ar gas at room temperature. The crystal texture, surface morphology, energy gap and optical properties of the films have been investigated by X-ray diffraction meter, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction meter, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible spectrophotometer, which indicates that the rutile/anatase heterostructure films are successfully fabricated. The further degradation experiments display that the photocatalytic activity can be dramatically affected by the thickness of the outmost rutile layer and the 100 nm thickness exhibits the best performance in all of the TiO_2 thin films. With the increase of the outmost rutile layer, the optical band gap of TiO_2 film displays a systematic decrease slightly. However,the change in photocatalytic activity does not coincide with that in the band gap. The photoresponse and electrochemical properties of the thin films have been characterized to understand the mechanism of the varied photocatalytic activity. 相似文献
198.
199.
本文应用GC/MS、GC/IRMS和EA/IRMS等方法对6种不同产地原油的特征比值, 全油和正构烷烃组分的碳稳定同位素组成进行分析, 研究不同产地原油的碳稳定同位素组成特征, 并探讨其原因。结果显示, 6种原油的C19+C20/(C19~C22)、OEP1和CPI13-22特征比值不存在显著性差异, 不能作为区分这6种原油的有效指标。原油全样的δ13C值差异明显, 阿曼δ13C值最轻为-33.4‰, 巴西最重为-24.5‰, 其余4种原油介于两者之间。GC/IRMS分析结果显示不同油种具有不同的碳稳定同位素组成特征, 6种原油的正构烷烃δ13C值和分布曲线明显不同。单因素方差分析结果显示除个别油样外, 不同原油两两之间全油δ13C值和nC20的δ13C值差异性显著(P < 0.05)。实验结果表明, 特征比值和碳稳定同位素组成相结合能更加有效的区分不同种类原油, 油品中同位素组成特征差异可为原油种类鉴别和溯源提供一个有效的技术支撑。 相似文献
200.
将铁锰氧化物与坡缕石黏土结合制备了复合材料FO/P、MO/P和FMO/P,由静态吸附实验研究了复合材料吸附磷的性能,考察了氧化物与坡缕石质量比、焙烧温度、溶液p H值、离子强度和振荡时间对吸附量的影响,探讨了吸附动力学、吸附平衡和机理。结果表明,FMO/P的吸附性能优于FO/P和MO/P,铁锰氧化物与坡缕石黏土的质量比为0.1的FMO/P对20mg/L的磷溶液去除率可达95%,吸附量明显受溶液p H的影响,离子强度对吸附量影响较小,磷吸附在复合材料表面主要形成内层络合物,60 min可基本达吸附平衡,过程符合pseudo-second-order方程,具有化学吸附的性质,FMO/P吸附等温线符合Freundlich方程,有不均匀吸附的性质,饱和吸附量达49 mg/g。 相似文献