Multi-process and multi-pollutant control technology for ultra-low emissions in the iron and steel industry

The iron and steel industry is not only an important foundation of the national economy, but also the largest source of industrial air pollution. Due to the current status of emissions in the iron and steel industry, ultra-low pollutant emission control technology has been researched and developed. Liquid-phase proportion control technology has been developed for magnesian fluxed pellets, and a blast furnace smelting demonstration project has been established to use a high proportion of fluxed pellets (80%) for the first time in China to realize source emission reduction of SO₂ and NO_x. Based on the characteristics of high NO_x concentrations and the coexistence of multiple pollutants in coke oven flue gas, low-NO_x combustion coupled with multi-pollutant cooperative control technology with activated carbon was developed to achieve efficient removal of multiple pollutants and resource utilization of sulfur. Based on the characteristics of co-existing multiple pollutants in pellet flue gas, selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) coupled with ozone oxidation and spray drying adsorption (SDA) was developed, which significantly reduces the operating cost of the system. In the light of the high humidity and high alkalinity in flue gas, filter materials with high humidity resistance and corrosion resistance were manufactured, and an integrated pre-charged bag dust collector device was developed, which realized ultra-low emission of fine particles and reduced filtration resistance and energy consumption in the system. Through source emission reduction, process control and end-treatment technologies, five demonstration projects were built, providing a full set of technical solutions for ultra-low emissions of dust, SO₂, NO_x, SO₃, mercury and other pollutants, and offering technical support for the green development of the iron and steel industry.     

VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets based on response surface model: A case study in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Because of the recent growth in ground-level ozone and increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), VOC emission control has become a major concern in China. In response, emission caps to control VOC have been stipulated in recent policies, but few of them were constrained by the co-control target of PM_2.5 and ozone, and discussed the factor that influence the emission cap formulation. Herein, we proposed a framework for quantification of VOC emission caps constrained by targets for PM_2.5 and ozone via a new response surface modeling (RSM) technique, achieving 50% computational cost savings of the quantification. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets varied greatly with the NO_x emission reduction level. If control measures in the surrounding areas of the PRD region were not considered, there could be two feasible strategies for VOC emission caps to meet air quality targets (160 µg/m³ for the maximum 8-hr-average 90th-percentile (MDA8-90%) ozone and 25 µg/m³ for the annual average of PM_2.5): a moderate VOC emission cap with <20% NOx emission reductions or a notable VOC emission cap with >60% NO_x emission reductions. If the ozone concentration target were reduced to 155 µg/m³, deep NO_x emission reductions is the only feasible ozone control measure in PRD. Optimization of seasonal VOC emission caps based on the Monte Carlo simulation could allow us to gain higher ozone benefits or greater VOC emission reductions. If VOC emissions were further reduced in autumn, MDA8-90% ozone could be lowered by 0.3-1.5 µg/m³, equaling the ozone benefits of 10% VOC emission reduction measures. The method for VOC emission cap quantification and optimization proposed in this study could provide scientific guidance for coordinated control of regional PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in China.     

鄱阳湖典型河湖交汇区浮游植物现状分析

鄱阳湖典型河湖交汇区（尾闾区）易受人类频繁活动的影响,属于敏感区且是蓝藻水华易暴发区域.为探究鄱阳湖典型河湖交汇区浮游植物群落结构的差异性及相关驱动机制,于2019年至2020年1月（枯水期）、4月（涨水期）、7月（丰水期）和10月（退水期）对鄱阳湖典型河湖交汇区7个采样点位和鄱阳湖河流中段6个采样点位以及主湖区1个采样点位水质状况和浮游植物进行野外调查.结果表明,鄱阳湖典型河湖交汇区浮游植物共有7门64属,浮游植物生物量和相对丰度以硅藻和蓝藻为主.鄱阳湖典型河湖交汇区生物量和丰度东部总体上高于西部,河湖交汇区生物量和丰度高于河流中段.湖区和河湖交汇区蓝藻门优势度较大,河流中段硅藻门优势度较大.蒙特卡罗检验结果显示：总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、正磷酸盐（PO₄^3--P）、水深（WD）、水温（WT）和透明度（SD）是影响浮游植物群落分布的显著相关环境因子.冗余分析（RDA）结果显示,鄱阳湖西部典型河湖交汇区受水化因子（TN、TP和PO₄^3--P）作用更明显,东部典型河湖交汇区水文因子（WT、WD和SD）影响更为显著.鄱阳湖典型河湖交汇区浮游植物影响因子具有季节性,冬季受水化因子影响较大,夏季受水文因子影响较大.     

天津地区土壤中萘的生态风险分析

以天津地区表土188个样点的实测萘浓度以及萘对10种代表性土壤生物的半致死浓度为基础资料,尝试用3种方式评价了该地区土壤中萘的生态风险.并进行了方法学比较.研究结果发现,暴露浓度和毒性效应概率密度函数的重叠面积与联合概率曲线一致地反映出很低的生态风险,准确计算的暴露浓度超过LC50的概率仅为1.67%.结果说明该地区土壤萘的生态风险极低,仅严重污染的局部地区可能发生最敏感生物种受害.用于进行风险评价的3种方法各有利弊.     

临界区甲醇的聚碳酸酯降解研究

在间歇高压反应器中研究了聚碳酸酯在甲醇临界区域的降解行为 .降解无需借助催化剂 ,降解温度 2 2 0— 2 6 0℃ ,压力5 2 0— 8 6 7MPa ,时间 5— 4 5min ,通过GC MS与GC FID对液相产物进行了定性和定量分析 ,聚碳酸酯醇解主要产物为碳酸二甲酯 (DMC)和双酚A(BPA) .降解温度和时间为 2 4 0℃和 30min时 ,DMC和BPA的产率分别 91 75 %和 90 0 3% .通过凝胶渗透色谱 (GPC)对 2 4 0℃醇解反应的固相聚合物进行了分析 .降解初期 ,聚合物大分子发生断裂 ,PC的数均分子量 (Mn)迅速下降 ,仅有少量DMC和BPA生成 ;降解的中间阶段 ,低聚物在降解产物中的比例快速增加 ,同时DMC与BPA相应增多 ,最终PC被完全分解 .     

长江三角洲地区对流层臭氧的数值模拟研究

将NCAR的中尺度天气预报模式MM5和作者开发的化学模式相耦合,建立了一个中尺度区域空气质量模式.利用该模式选取了2个典型个例研究了长江三角洲地区的区域臭氧化学问题.本研究的目的是利用模式再现并描述长江三角洲地区的大气物理化学过程,结合地面观测资料进一步定量分析控制该地区臭氧浓度的物理和化学因子.通过个例模拟和分析表明,模式基本反应了长江三角洲地区的大气物理化学过程,进一步的因子分析解释了模拟区域内1999 06 18(个例2)臭氧浓度普遍比1999 08 07(个例1)的臭氧浓度高的原因.模拟结果表明天气条件决定的大气动力过程对区域空气质量起着至关重要的作用,这也是个例2区域臭氧浓度普遍偏高的最主要因素之一.分析表明,物理因子(平流输送,垂直湍流输送)的作用和化学因子的作用同样重要.同时还做了模式参数的敏感性实验研究,并对中尺度云雨化学模拟及其对臭氧化学的影响做了初步研究.     

长江中下游平原三个湖泊表层沉积物对磷的吸附特征

以长江中下游太湖、巢湖和龙感湖等3个湖泊表层沉积物(0～1cm)为对象,研究了不同沉积物对湖水中磷的吸附特性,并探讨了沉积物表面特性和化学组分等因素对磷的吸附行为的影响.结果表明:表层沉积物对磷的吸附作用主要发生在快吸附过程的前1～2h之内;湖泊表层沉积物对磷的吸附基本符合修正后的Langmuir型等温方程,不同采样点的表层沉积物中本底磷吸附量(QNAP)以及磷饱和吸附量(Qmax)差别显著,与采样点所处环境条件有很大关系.同时,沉积物的饱和吸附量与比表面积、活性铁、铝含量和有机质含量有较好的正相关性,相关系数分别为0 92,0 98,0 78和0 96;活性铁、铝含量与有机质含量之间也有较好的正相关性;颗粒物Zeta电位在一定程度上影响沉积物对磷的吸附能力.     

青海滩间山金矿床地质特征及其铅同位素组成的地质意义

滩间山金矿床产于中元古界蓟县系万洞沟群碳质糜棱片岩和华力西晚期侵入岩中。该金矿床天在热水沉积、区域变质和热变质预富集的基础上，与区域绿片岩相脆韧性剪切变形变质带的退化演化同步，经历了脆韧性、韧脆性和脆性剪切变形成矿阶段的演化，井遭受华力西晚期侵入岩浆活动的叠加改造而形成的。矿区地层、侵入岩、矿石及黄铁矿的铅同位素组成表现出良好的亲缘关系，较清楚地反映了地层和侵入岩浆活动对成矿物质的贡献。     

炼油厂废碱液治理技术的研究

针对炼油厂废碱液存在的问题，研究一种新处理技术—溶剂萃取、破乳和臭氧氧化。为了解不同水质、ｐＨ值、温度的影响而进行试验研究，并获得了最佳操作参数。试验结果表明该技术在脱酚、除油、脱色脱臭方面是一种有效方法。     

航电电源板层间CAF短路失效机理及退化时间分析

目的 掌握CAF失效机理MTTF分析方法,以便于在实际案例中实施工程优化决策,从而降低故障危害风险和寿命周期总费用。方法 以某航电电源母板CAF失效为例,基于CAF失效机理的物理化学变化时间特性模型算法,建立电压、介质间距和MTTF变化关系,以辅助工程优化决策。结果 基于仿真计算数据,形成对特定范围产品的改进和处置决策,从而限制失效危害风险的进一步扩散,降低了产品生命周期维护费用,并提升了客户满意度。结论 掌握装备常见失效机理和采取适宜的应对措施,是持续改进装备可用性、可靠性和环境适应性的必要条件。