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51.
Peng Du Jianguo Liu Huaqiao Gui Jiaoshi Zhang Tongzhu Yu Jie Wang Yin Cheng Yihuai Lu Yawei Yao Qiang Fu ChihChieh Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(1):238-249
PM_(2.5) separator directly affects the accuracy of PM_(2.5) sampling.The specification testing and evaluation for PM_(2.5) separator is particularly important,especially under China's wide variation of terrain and climate.In this study,first a static test apparatus based on polydisperse aerosol was established and calibrated to evaluate the performance of the PM_(2.5) separators.A uniform mixing chamber was developed to make particles mix completely.The aerosol concentration relative standard deviations of three test points at the same horizontal chamber position were less than 0.57%,and the particle size distribution obeyed logarithmic normal distribution with an R~2 of 0.996.The flow rate deviation between the measurement and the set point flow rate agreed to within ± 1.0% in the range of -40 to 50℃.Secondly,the separation,flow and loading characteristics of three cyclone separators(VSCC-A,SCC-A and SCC112) were evaluated using this system.The results showed that the 50% cutoff sizes(D_(50)) of the three cyclones were 2.48,2.47 and 2.44 μm when worked at the manufacturer's recommended flow rates,respectively.The geometric standard deviation(GSD) of the capture efficiency of VSCCA was 1.23,showed a slightly sharper than SCC-A(GSD = 1.27),while the SCC112 did not meet the relevant indicator(GSD = 1.2 ± 0.1) with a GSD = 1.44.The flow rate and loading test had a great effect on D_(50),while the GSD remained almost the same as before.In addition,the maintenance frequency under different air pollution conditions of the cyclones was summarized according to the loading test. 相似文献
52.
Based on density functional theory (DFT) and basic structure models, the chemical reactions on the surface of vanadium-titanium based selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitrification catalysts were summarized. Reasonable structural models (non-periodic and periodic structural models) are the basis of density functional calculations. A periodic structure model was more appropriate to represent the catalyst surface, and its theoretical calculation results were more comparable with the experimental results than a non-periodic model. It is generally believed that the SCR mechanism where NH3 and NO react to produce N2 and H2O follows an Eley-Rideal type mechanism. NH2NO was found to be an important intermediate in the SCR reaction, with multiple production routes. Simultaneously, the effects of H2O, SO2 and metal on SCR catalysts were also summarized. 相似文献
53.
Shuyan Wang Lin Du Narcisse T. Tson Xiaotong Jiang Bo You Li Xu Zhaomin Yang Wenxing Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(6):151-162
Methylglyoxal(CH_3COCHO,MG),which is one of the most abundant α-dicarbonyl compounds in the atmosphere,has been reported as a major source of secondary organic aerosol(SOA).In this work,the reaction of MG with hydroxyl radicals was studied in a 500 L smog chamber at(293±3) K,atmospheric pressure,(18±2)% relative humidity,and under different NOx and SO_2.Particle size distribution was measured by using a scanning mobility particle sizer(SMPS) and the results showed that the addition of SO_2 can promote SOA formation,while different NOx concentrations have different influences on SOA production.High NOx suppressed the SOA formation,whereas the particle mass concentration,particle number concentration and particle geometric mean diameter increased with the increasing NOx concentration at low NOx concentration in the presence of SO_2.In addition,the products of the OH-initiated oxidation of MG and the functional groups of the particle phase in the MG/OH/SO_2 and MG/OH/NOx/SO_2 reaction systems were detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and attenuated total reflection fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR) analysis.Two products,glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid,were detected by GC-MS.The mechanism of the reaction of MG and OH radicals that follows two main pathways,H atom abstraction and hydration,is proposed.Evidence is provided for the formation of organic nitrates and organic sulfate in particle phase from IR spectra.Incorporation of NOx and SO_2 influence suggested that SOA formation from anthropogenic hydrocarbons may be more efficient in polluted environment. 相似文献
54.
Yanke Yu Jiali Zhang Changwei Chen Chi He Jifa Miao Huirong Li Jinsheng Chen 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(5):237-245
CuSO_4/TiO_2 catalysts with high catalytic activity and excellent resistant to SO_2 and H_2 O,were thought to be promising catalysts used in Selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides by NH_3.The performance of catalysts is largely affected by calcination temperature.Here,effects of calcination temperature on physicochemical property and catalytic activity of CuSO_4/TiO_2 catalysts were investigated in depth.Catalyst samples calcined at different temperatures were prepared first and then physicochemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption,X-ray diffraction,thermogravimetric analysis,Raman spectra,Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,temperature-pro grammed desorption of NH_3,temperature-programmed reduction of H_2 and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy.Results revealed that high calcination temperature had three main effects on the catalyst.First,sintering and anatase transform into rutile with increase of calcination temperature,causing a decrement of specific surface area.Second,decomposition of CuSO_4 under higher calcination temperature,resulting in disappears of Br(?)nsted acid sites(S-OH),which had an adverse effect on surface acidity.Third,CuO from the decomposition of CuSO_4 changed surface reducibility of the catalyst and favored the process of NH_3 oxidation to nitrogen oxides(NO_x).Thus,catalytic activity of the catalyst calcined under high temperatures(≥600℃) decreased largely. 相似文献
55.
Ozone pollution characteristics and sensitivity analysis using an observation-based model in Nanjing, Yangtze River Delta Region of China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ming Wang Wentai Chen Lin Zhang Wei Qin Yong Zhang Xiangzhi Zhang Xin Xie 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(7):13-22
Ground-level ozone (O3) has become a critical pollutant impeding air quality improvement in Yangtze River Delta region of China. In this study, we present O3 pollution characteristics based on one-year online measurements during 2016 at an urban site in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. Then, the sensitivity of O3 to its precursors during 2 O3 pollution episodes in August was analyzed using a box model based on observation (OBM). The relative incremental reactivity (RIR) of hydrocarbons was larger than other precursors, suggesting that hydrocarbons played the dominant role in O3 formation. The RIR values for NOX ranged from –0.41%/% to 0.19%/%. The O3 sensitivity was also analyzed based on relationship of simulated O3 production rates with reductions of VOC and NOX derived from scenario analyses. Simulation results illustrate that O3 formation was between VOCs-limited and transition regime. Xylenes and light alkenes were found to be key species in O3 formation according to RIR values, and their sources were determined using the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. Paints and solvent use was the largest contributor to xylenes (54%), while petrochemical industry was the most important source to propene (82%). Discussions on VOCs and NOX reduction schemes suggest that the 5% O3 control goal can be achieved by reducing VOCs by 20%. To obtain 10% O3 control goal, VOCs need to be reduced by 30% with VOCs/NOX larger than 3:1. 相似文献
56.
Hao Yu Xueyan Zhao Jing Wang Baohui Yin Chunmei Geng Xinhua Wang Chao Gu Lihua Huang Wen Yang Zhipeng Bai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(9):217-224
In order to understand the compositions characteristics of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) fraction in road dust (RD2.5) of oasis cities on the edge of Tarim Basin, 30 road dust (RD) samples were collected in Kashi, Cele, and Yutian in the spring, 2018, and RD2.5 was collected using the resuspension approach. Eight water-soluble ions, 39 trace elements and 8 fractions of carbon-containing species in PM2.5 were analyzed. Ca2+ and Ca were the most abundant ions and elements in RD2.5 (7.1% and 9.5%). Cl- in RD2.5 was affected not only by attributed to saline-alkali soils in oasis cities of the Tarim Basin and dust from Taklimakan Desert but also by human activities. Moreover, the organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) ratio indicated that carbon components in RD2.5 in Cele town mainly come from fossil fuel combustion, while those in Yutian and Kashi mainly come from biomass combustion. It is noteworthy that high Ca in RD2.5 was seriously affected by anthropogenic emissions, and high Na and K contents in RD2.5 could be derived from soil and desert dust. It was estimated that Cd, Tl, Sn and Cr were emitted from anthropogenic emissions using the enrichment factor. The coefficients of divergence (COD) result indicated that the influence of local emission on road dust emission is greater than that of long-distance transmission. This study is the first time to comprehensively analyze the chemical characteristics of road dust in oasis cities, and the results provides the sources of road dust at the margin of Tarim Basin. 相似文献
57.
The degradation of plastic debris may result in the generation of nanoplastics (NPs). Their high specific surface area for the sorption of organic pollutions and toxic heavy metals and possible transfer between organisms at different nutrient levels make the study of NPs an urgent priority. However, there is very limited understanding on the occurrence, distribution, abundant, and fate of NPs in the environment, partially due to the lack of suitable techniques for the separation and identification of NPs from complex environmental matrices. In this review, we first overviewed the state-of-the-art methods for the extraction, separation, identification and quantification of NPs in the environment. Some of them have been successfully applied for the field determination of NPs, while some are borrowed from the detection of microplastics or engineered nanomaterials. Then the possible fate and transport of NPs in the environment are thoroughly described. Although great efforts have been made during the recent years, large knowledge gaps still exist, such as the relatively high detection limit of existing method failing to detect ultralow masses of NPs in the environment, and spherical polystyrene NP models failing to represent the various compositions of NPs with different irregular shapes, which needs further investigation. 相似文献
58.
基于2016—2018年罗时江、弥苴河、永安江及洱海北部湖区监测数据分析,探讨洱海北部入湖河流污染变化特征及对北部湖区的影响。结果表明:1)"北三江"监测断面总磷、COD、氨氮浓度整体稳定在GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅱ—Ⅲ类标准限值内,年内污染物浓度变化表现出典型的农业面源污染特征,且受流域内产业模式等的综合影响;2)研究期间,河流首要污染物为TN,旱季次要污染物为COD,雨季为TP。雨季入湖负荷高于旱季,弥苴河污染负荷大于罗时江、永安江。"北三江"入湖TN和TP污染负荷分别占洱海允许负荷的50.1%和59.7%;3)入湖河流的磷元素输入是洱海北部湖区磷污染的重要来源。北部湖区污染物浓度对氮、磷入湖污染负荷相关性次月强于当月,响应存在延迟。筛选环境友好型种植模式,控制"北三江"氮磷入湖负荷,有利于保护洱海水环境。 相似文献
59.
以城市剩余污泥为原料,于300,400,500,600 ℃温度条件下制备生物炭,通过单因素静态吸附实验探讨制备温度对生物炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明:在500 ℃以内随着温度上升制备的生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量增加,制备温度高于500 ℃后变化不明显;扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)表征结果显示,热解温度对生物炭表面形貌和官能团组成有显著影响;等温模型及动力学拟合结果表明,生物炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)为单分子层吸附、物理-化学复合吸附。热解温度对污泥制备生物炭吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的性能有显著影响,最佳制备温度为500 ℃,在此条件制备的生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的理论吸附量可达7.93 mg/g。 相似文献
60.
为建设可持续发展社会,日本近年来大力推动甲烷发酵以实现城市有机废弃物的减量化和资源化。首先介绍了日本城市有机废弃物资源化的2个实用案例,长冈市厨余垃圾沼气发电中心和丰桥市生物质资源利用中心的设计和运营状况。两者的长期稳定运行及产能效果验证了甲烷发酵技术在城市有机废弃物减量化和资源化上的可行性。其次,为了应对社会发展趋势和城市有机废弃物处理的技术需求,介绍了日本有关厨余垃圾、污泥以及废纸(城市有机废弃物的3大组分)的单独发酵及共发酵的部分研究成果。此外,简要介绍了应用厌氧膜生物反应器(AnMBR)进行相关高效甲烷发酵的最新研究成果。并根据实用案例调查和实验研究结果,以100万人口城市为例,对城市有机废弃物的各种甲烷发酵系统的产能效果进行了模拟概算。 相似文献