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251.
Orthophosphate is an essential but limiting macronutrient for plant growth. About 67% cropland in China lacks sufficient phosphorus, especially that with red soil. Extensive soil phosphorus reserves exist in the form of organic phosphorus, which is unavailable for root uptake unless hydrolyzed by secretory acid phosphatases. Thus, many microorganisms with the ability to produce phosphatase have been exploited. In this work, the activity of an extracellular acid phosphatase and yeast biomass from Candida mycoderma was measured under different culture conditions, such as pH, temperature, and carbon source. A maximal phosphatase activity of 8.47 × 10^5±0.11× 10^5 U/g was achieved by C. Mycoderma in 36 hr under the optimal conditions. The extracellular acid phosphatase has high activity over a wide pH tolerance range from 2.5 to S.0 (optimum pH 3.5). The effects of different phosphorus compounds on the acid phosphatase production were also studied. The presence of phytin, lecithin or calcium phosphate reduced the phosphatase activity and biomass yield significantly. In addition, the pH of the culture medium was reduced significantly by lecithin. The efficiency of the strain in releasing orthophosphate from organic phosphorus was studied in red soil (used in planting trees) and rice soil (originating as red soil). The available phosphorus content was increased by 230% after inoculating 20 days in rice soil and decreased by 50% after inoculating 10 days in red soil. This work indicates that the yeast strain C. mycoderma has potential application for enhancing phosphorus utilization in plants that grow in rice soil. 相似文献
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253.
DING Wei GAO Ying-xin YANG Min DING Ran ZHANG Yu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(10):1178-1182
High strength refractory organic stream is produced during the production of 2-phenylamino-3-methyl-6-di-n-butylaminofluoran (One Dye Black 2, abbr. ODB 2), a novel heat-sensitive material with a promising market. In this study, a combination of acidificationprecipitation, primary biological treatment, Fenton's oxidation and another biological treatment was successfully used for the removal of COD from 18000-25000 mg/L to below 200 mg/L from the ODB 2 production wastewater in a pilot experiment. A COD removal of 70%-80% was achieved by acidification-precipitation under a pH of 2.5-3.0. The first step biodegradafion permitted an average COD removal of 70% under an hydraulic residence time (HRT) of 30 h. By batch tests, the optimum conditions of Fenton's oxidation were acquired as: Fe^2+ dose 6.0 mmol/L; H2O2 dose 3000 mg/L; and reaction time 6 h. The second step biological treatment could ensure an effluent COD below 200 mg/L under an HRT of 10 h following the Fenton's treatment. 相似文献
254.
The formation of toxic nitrogenous disinfection byproducts (N-DBPs), such as nitrosamines, halonitromethanes and haloacetonitriles, from reactions between chlorine/chloramine and dissolved organic nitrogen in drinking water has caused great concern with regarding public health. This study revealed the occurrence of 17 aliphatic amines, some of which have been confirmed to be the precursors of N-DBPs, in source water across China. A sensitive method based on benzenesulfonyl chloride derivatization and liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC-MS analysis was established for the simultaneous analysis of the selected amines in aqueous samples. In total, 37 source water samples from the capital cities of 20 provinces were collected for the survey. Among the 17 amines, 14 were detected with an average frequency of detection of 36%. The most relevant amines in terms of frequency and maximum concentrations detected were dimethylamine (100%, 24.82 μg/L), methylamine (78%, 0.92 μg/L), N-methylethylamine (70%, 8.84 μg/L), propylamine (59%, 10.69 μg/L), diethylamine (54%, 3.76 μg/L), N-methylbutylamine (35%, 3.07 μg/L), N-ethylpropylamine (35%, 0.52 μg/L), and piperidine (32%, 2.35 μg/L). This is the first large scale survey of the aliphatic amines occurrence in source water in the world. The wide presence of nitrosamine precursors like dimethylamine, N-methylethylamine and diethylamine, and the precursors of haloacetonitriles and halonitromethanes like methylamine and propylamine suggests that better source water management is required to ensure the safety of drinking water. 相似文献
255.
影响杉木人工林可持续经营因素探讨 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
杉木人工林土壤肥力和林分生产力逐代下降,直接影响杉木林地可持续经营。影响杉木人工林可持续经营的因素是多方面的,主要和杉木人工林所处亚热带红壤区生态系统的脆弱性和杉木人工林群落的单一性及杉木生物学特性等有关,而传统杉木人工林培育过程中采取一系列传统的营林措施则加剧了林地地力衰退。根据目前杉木人工林经营现状,建议在杉木人工林经营过程中应尽量降低营林措施干扰强度,特别是炼山措施的采取;同时开展有关林地可持续模式试验及评价指标体系的研究,以寻找适合不同地区的杉木人工林可持续经营模式。在此基础上,搞好杉木人工林规划和发展,这对南方杉木产区林地可持续经营实践具有较大的指导意义 相似文献
256.
Jixing Liu Fuhong Yu Jian Liu Lifeng Cui Zhen Zhao Yuechang Wei Qianyao Sun 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(10):45-58
A series of meso-microporous Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts were successfully synthesized by a one-pot hydrothermal crystallization method, and these catalysts exhibited excellent NH_3-SCR performance at low temperature. Their structure and physic chemical properties were characterized by means of X-ray diffraction patterns(XRD), Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Transmission electron microscopy(TEM), N_2 sorption-desorption, nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission spectrometer(ICP-AES), X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XPS),Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH_3-TPD), Ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-Vis DRS) and Temperature programmed reduction(TPR).The analysis results indicate that the high activities of Cu-SAPO-34 catalysts could be attributed to the enhancement of redox property, the formation of mesopores and the more acid sites. Furthermore, the kinetic results verify that the formation of mesopores remarkably reduces diffusion resistance and then improves the accessibility of reactants to catalytically active sites. The 1.0-Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst exhibited the high NO conversion( 90%) among the wide activity temperature window in the range of 150–425℃. 相似文献
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258.
耐低温菌JH-9降解苯胺的动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究耐低温菌JH-9在低温(10 ℃)条件下对不同初始ρ(苯胺)的生物降解情况,并采用反应动力学方程(Monod方程和Haldane方程)拟合其降解过程. 结果表明,菌株JH-9在低温下可降解苯胺,当菌体初始质量浓度一定时,苯胺降解率及平均降解速率主要与初始ρ(苯胺)有关. 初始ρ(苯胺)较低时(<550 mg/L),其在120 h内可完全降解,且平均降解速率随着初始ρ(苯胺)的增加而升高,菌体降解过程中没有出现苯胺毒性抑制作用,遵循Monod方程;当初始ρ(苯胺)较高时(>550 mg/L),苯胺降解率及降解速率均有所下降,由于初始ρ(苯胺)过高对菌体产生了抑制作用,其降解过程以基质抑制型的Haldane方程为主. 相似文献
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260.