宁夏供港蔬菜田土壤重金属分布特征及生态风险评价

农田土壤重金属污染会影响蔬菜作物的生长发育及产量,同时也会影响蔬菜的品质与口感,长期以来通过食物链传递和富集,最终对人体健康造成一定危害.因此为探明宁夏多年多茬种植供港蔬菜后其土壤重金属分布特征,预测其生态风险,分析其污染形成原因,于2019~2021年连续3 a采集了477个宁夏供港蔬菜田表层土壤样本,分析As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Pb、Cu、Zn和 Ni 这8种重金属含量和分布特征,采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地累积指数法和潜在生态风险指数法对宁夏供港蔬菜田土壤重金属污染状况进行评价,利用Pearson相关分析和主成分分析法解析了宁夏供港蔬菜田重金属来源.结果表明,宁夏供港蔬菜田土壤中As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Cu和Zn含量均值高于宁夏土壤背景值,但8种重金属含量均低于国内农用地土壤风险筛选值;在空间分布上,As、Cr和Ni在研究区西北部、中部以及南部出现连片高值区,Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和Cu在研究区西北部与南部出现高值响应;单因子指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法表明,宁夏供港蔬菜田土壤整体处于清洁水平;地累积指数法结果显示研究区污染以Hg和Cd污染为主,污染区域主要集中在研究区西北部和南部;潜在生态风险指数显示Hg和Cd为主要风险元素,其中Hg以中等、较强和很强生态风险为主,分别占比44.65 %、44.65 %和1.26 %,Cd以中等、较强为主,占比65.83 %和3.56 %;综合Pearson相关分析和主成分分析表明,8种重金属污染来源可划分为3类,Ⅰ为自然源:Cu、Zn、Pb、As、Ni和Cr;Ⅱ为农业源:Cd;Ⅲ为工业源和农业源:Hg.综合来看,供港蔬菜田土壤重金属均无超标现象,土壤环境条件良好,宁夏供港蔬菜生产整体处于安全水平.研究结果可为宁夏供港菜田土壤安全利用和供港蔬菜安全生产、合理施肥、农艺运筹以及种植结构调整等提供帮助.     

酸性氯化铜蚀刻废液一步沉淀法制备碱式碳酸铜

以酸性氯化铜蚀刻废液为原料,在Na₂CO₃和助剂A存在下,采用一步沉淀法制备碱式碳酸铜。考察了反应pH、n（Na₂CO₃）∶n（助剂A）、反应时间和反应温度对碱式碳酸铜制备效果的影响,并采用XRD、TG 及SEM对产品进行了表征。实验结果表明：在反应pH 7.0、沉淀剂配比n（Na₂CO₃）∶n（助剂A）=1∶2、反应时间1.0 h、反应温度70 ℃的条件下,产品的w（Cu²⁺）达55.62%,w（Cl^-）为0.013%,符合HG/T 4825—2015《工业碱式碳酸铜》的要求;蚀刻废液中Cu²⁺的回收率接近100%。表征结果表明,制得的产品为单一组分CuCO₃·Cu（OH）₂,小颗粒为直径1.8~5.4 μm的不规则球形,团聚后的大颗粒呈姜块状形貌,粒径为48~75 μm。     

环境污染事故应急监测装备的配置思路

分析了应急监测装备的配置形势,提出了应急监测装备的配置思想和配置原则,剖析了配置的关键点在于实现快速响应功能,准确、快速监测数据获取功能,快速解析、准确判断污染趋势功能,图像和声讯实时双向传输功能,以及安全保障和防护功能.     

六种表面活性剂对斑马鱼胚胎发育的毒性效应

为评价六种常见农药表面活性剂对水生生物的风险,采用斑马鱼胚胎发育技术,研究其对斑马鱼胚胎的致死效应和致畸效应.结果表明,NP-10、OP-10、农乳700、农乳602、农乳1602、宁乳33对斑马鱼胚胎的致死中浓度分别为16.44、21.13、55.86、8446、109.90、120.08 mg·L-1,其中NP-10对斑马鱼胚胎急性毒性最大,宁乳33毒性最低;随着染毒剂量的增加,斑马鱼胚胎孵化率逐渐降低,致畸率逐渐提高,六种表面活性剂显示出相似的趋势,处理浓度与胚胎孵化率(致畸率)之间存在剂量-效应关系;NP-10、OP-10、农乳700处理组均诱导斑马鱼胚胎出现躯干侧翻、游囊关闭、躯干弯曲症状;农乳602、农乳1602、宁乳33处理组出现躯干侧翻、游囊关闭症状.     

Variations in the coral community at the high-latitude Bailong Peninsula,northern South China Sea

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - High-latitude coral communities have attracted much attention due to their potential as refuges during global climate change. However, this function...     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

Current status of indoor dust PBDE pollution and its physical burden and health effects on children

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are widely detected in indoor dust, which has been identified as a more important route of PBDE exposure for...     

Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and number of outpatient Helicobacter pylori infection visits

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) is an important risk factor of gastrointestinal diseases, but factors leading to it are still not fully...     

电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测空气中含硫化合物

建立电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测定空气中10种含硫化合物的方法。经考察不同采样容器、优化预处理条件、研究样品保存等获得了最佳实验条件,并通过实际样品的测定,考察了方法的适用性。结果表明:硫化氢、甲硫醇和乙硫醇3种高活性含硫化合物校准曲线线性回归系数在0.990以上,另外7种含硫化合物在0.995以上;高、中、低空白加标样品相对标准偏差均为9.5%以内,乙硫醇由于具有高活性和吸附性,低浓度空白加标回收率为63%,其余组分回收率范围为83%~110%;当进样体积为400 mL时,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.2×10^-3~1.1×10^-3 mg/m³。分析污水处理厂无组织排放监控点的空气结果显示,该方法具有较低的检出限及较强的抗干扰能力,能较好地满足目前监测工作的要求。     

Considering climate change and regional differences: An efficiency assessment of coal mine use and land restoration

China is the country with the largest coal mining production and consumption in the world, but due to a large amount of coal burning, air pollution and climate change are exasperating related problems. The previous literature mainly has discussed coal mine production and environmental pollution, but failed to take into account external factors such as climate change and seldom discussed the relationship between coal mine land use and land restoration. Therefore, this study uses the meta-Epsilon-Based Measure two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis under the exogenous model and incorporates coal mine land use and land restoration use into the model to explore the relationship between the two under climate change. The research results are as follows. (1) If the external climate factors are not considered, then the phenomenon of overestimation or underestimation of the technology gap arises. (2) The efficiency value of the coal mining stage in most provinces is generally higher than the land restoration efficiency value.