菌根真菌侵染对植物生物量累积的影响

为了从生态系统尺度探讨菌根资源与植物生物量累积的关系,调查了鼎湖山不同成熟度的三个森林群落主要优势树种的菌根侵染情况.综合分析各森林群落优势树种的个体数、生物量和菌根侵染率发现：1）菌根侵染率与径向生长速率相关,植物生长迅速的阶段菌根侵染率更高.中径级（胸径15-30 cm）的马尾松（Pinus massoniana）和锥（Castanopsis chinensis）的侵染率比小径级（胸径1-15 cm）个体的侵染率高,而大径级个体（胸径30 cm 以上）的侵染率略低于中径级个体的侵染率.木荷（Schima superba）则表现出侵染率随着胸径增大而增高的趋势.2）树种在群落内的侵染率越高,其对群落生物量的贡献率越大.如马尾松在马尾松林和混交林的侵染率分别为（77.30±18.02）%和（40.50±14.42）%,其对马尾松林群落生物量的贡献率达到87.43%,是对混交林生物量贡献率（17.51%）的5 倍.混交林和阔叶林的共有优势树种锥的侵染率和生物量贡献率也有存在相同规律.3）根系碳储量占群落总碳储量比例较高的群落其优势树种平均侵染率相对较高.马尾松林、混交林和季风常绿阔叶林中,根系碳储量占群落总碳储量的比例分别为55%、54%、42%,群落优势树种平均侵染率分别为（66.73±10.55）%、（46.97±27.28）%、（54.22±25.45）%,马尾松林的根系碳储量和平均侵染率均高于混交林和季风常绿阔叶林.以上结果表明,菌根真菌侵染对于植物个体生长速率以及群落水平的生物量累积具有-定的促进作用.     

Effects of dissolved organic matter on the desorption of Cd in freeze–thaw treated Cd-contaminated soils

Lab-scale experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on the desorption of Cd in freeze–thaw treated Cd-contaminated soils. The results indicated that DOM significantly facilitated the desorption of Cd from freeze–thaw treated soils when comparing with that of non-frozen soils. Effects of DOM on the Cd desorption were highly dependent on the soil type and contamination concentration. The maximum desorption ratios of Cd by DOM generated from straw and sludge were 15.6% and 13.65%, respectively, in brown soils, and the maximum desorption ratios reached 14.7% and 9.3%, respectively, when using black soils through the same treatment. The higher the Cd contamination concentration in soils, the higher the ratio of Cd desorption by DOM. This was because of the integrated effects of the soil properties changed by the freeze–thaw treatment and the species transformation of Cd. The characteristics of DOM, such as its concentration and properties, had shown obvious impacts on the Cd desorption by DOM. The desorption was promoted with the increased DOM concentration and the hydrophilic fraction, and lowered pH and the low-molecular-weight of DOM.     

新媒体节目的创意与策划

基于对新媒体概念、形态与本质和对节目内容创新内涵的分析,对新媒体节目内容创新的路径、编辑创新进行了探讨,指出节目内容创作方式和手段的多元化、科学化和智能化发展,在此基础上建立新媒体节目的正确策划理念,包括策划对象理念、策划过程理念、主题思想的理念。     

新疆准东煤田大气降尘中Hg含量分析与污染风险评价

选择新疆准东煤田五彩湾露天煤矿为研究区,通过测定研究区内8个采样点(点1为背景点)大气降尘中Hg元素的含量,利用地质累积指数法及Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对研究区内的大气降尘进行重金属汞污染等级和潜在生态风险等级评价,结果表明:1与背景点相比,位于煤矿区上风向的采样点基本不受煤矿区开采过程中Hg的影响,下风向的采样点均受到煤矿区开采过程中Hg的影响,总体来看,研究区内大气降尘已受到Hg的污染;2研究区所有大气采样点均存在不同程度的Hg的潜在生态风险,其中,大气降尘中Hg含量相对较高的点8和点9的潜在生态风险等级为强,风险所占比率为25%。说明受矿区煤矿开采影响,Hg的潜在生态风险在下风向显著增强。     

Auto-adaptive Air Distribution and Structure Optimization of Ejector Burner for Biomass Alcohol Fuels

A plenty of studies on the utilization of biomass alcohol fuels have been conducted, but combustion efficiency and stability of this fuels still need to be improved. Based on biomass alcohol fuels (bio-methanol and bio-ethanol), this paper studied auto-adaptive air distribution characteristics and optimum structure parameters of an ejector burner by numerical simulation method. Also, an experiment was conducted to verify the numerical results. The results show that the mole air entrainment ratio (MAER) keeps almost constant when the ejector fuel nozzle exit locates at the segment between the ejector throat and the suction chamber entrance, but a bigger ratio α would lead to a higher MAER till the α is bigger than 8.5 for bio-methanol and 11.5 for bio-ethanol. The bio-ethanol fuel is more beneficial for air carrying role because of its big molecular weight. Operation pressure (P_w) has a little impact on MAER of the two fuels, but the rise of back pressure (P_b) would lead to rapid decrease of MAER for the two fuels. For the optimum structure burners, the MAER can be maintained at the value of theoretical complete combustion. Its changing rate is less than 2.3% for bio-methanol and 2.5% for bio-ethanol when the burner load changes from 30% to 120%, which is highly consistent with the experimental results. The optimum burner can distribute air supply automatically with the changing of burner load.     

重大环境自然灾害下的电网应急模型设计研究

在重大环境自然灾害下构建电网应急调度模型,确保电网畅通,提出一种基于区域网格分割和功率相关性调制的重大环境自然灾害下的电网应急模型,利用多个独立的网格分布模式进行电网和电力资源调度,采用Small-World模型构建电网应急调度网络结构,结合电网传输电力资源的相关性特征构建电力数据权重分配机制,采用自适应分配方法进行电网输出的网格模块化分区,通过区域网格分割进行电网应急调度的最优化分块设计,根据功率相关性调制方法提高电网的输出增益,避免重大环境自然灾害的影响。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行重大环境自然灾害下的电网应急调度,能提高电网的连通性,电网的输出增益较好,组网能力较强。     

发光细菌生物毒性抑制率优化研究

发光细菌生物毒对水生生态环境有极大的破坏作用,为保护水体环境,提出发光细菌生物毒性抑制率优化研究。完成测试样品调制;设置菌悬液特征参数,利用pH、RLU及D600进行同步检测,完成发光细菌生物毒性重现;分析磺胺类药品于根际土壤的形态分布和生态毒性,完成发光细菌生物毒性抑制率优化研究。实验证明,三种磺胺类药品对发光细菌生物毒性的相对抑制率都小于30%,为低毒性;其中有机溶剂对发光细菌生物毒性的抑制率最大,水溶态较大,结合态最小。     

环保公益广告中污染防治意识接受度分析研究

环境保护和污染防治日益成为全球性重点关注问题,环境污染防治作为公益事业,也逐渐成为公众关心的热点,大量的环保公益广告进入人们的视线,在大众传媒时代,环保公益广告对提高人们的环境保护意识,形成环保和污染防治自觉具有重要促进性,分析环保公益广告中污染防治意识接受度,从公益广告的创作元素、人们的认知度和感官能力方面出发,弘扬绿色文明,倡导绿色观念,提高公众的污染防治意识。     

Characteristics of CO2 release from forest soil in the mountains near Beijing

CO₂ release from forest soil is a key driver of carbon cycling between the soil and atmosphere ecosystem. The rate of CO₂ released from soil was measured in three forest stands (in the mountainous region near Beijing, China) by the alkaline absorption method from 2004 to 2006. The rate of CO₂ released did not differ among the three stands. The CO₂ release rate ranged from ??341 to 1,193 mg m^???2 h^???1, and the mean value over all three forests and sampling times was 286 mg m^???2 h^???1. CO₂ release was positively correlated with soil water content and the soil temperature. Diurnally, CO₂ release was higher in the day than at night. Seasonally, CO₂ release was highest in early autumn and lowest in winter; in winter, negative values of CO₂ release suggested that CO₂ was absorbed by soil.     

高尔夫球场施用农药的环境风险分析

高尔夫球场使用农药,对周围生态环境和人体健康的影响,已引起人们普遍关心.评价化学农药毒死蜱时,根据球场工程结构和排水系统,以及球场施用农药的剂量、次数、方式,并考虑当地的气象、环境特征,进行了非正常因子风险分析试验.试验表明,毒死蜱施用后,农药主要保持在表层0～20cm的砂层中,不易随水淋溶进入水体;一旦进入水体,其消解速度很慢,易对饮用水造成污染,存在一定的潜在风险