重金属Cu2+,Pb2+和Zn2+胁迫对近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis) SOD活性影响研究

为探讨将近江牡蛎(Crassostrea rivularis)抗氧化酶防御体系参数作为海洋重金属污染生物监测指标可行性,文章在实验室条件下,研究这三种重金属暴露对近江牡蛎(C.rivularis)鳃和消化腺组织SOD活性的诱导作用;实验结果表明:Cu2 ,Pb2 和Zn2 能诱导近江牡蛎(C.rivularis)腮和消化腺SOD的产生,但由于近江牡蛎(C.rivularis)腮和消化腺的结构和功能的不同,在重金属的诱导下,消化腺内的SOD活性要比腮的大;Pb2 和Zn2 诱导近江牡蛎(C.rivularis)鳃和消化腺组织SOD活性变化的剂量-效应均为抛物线型;Cu2 对近江牡蛎(C.rivularis)鳃组织SOD活性诱导曲线不呈抛物线型,而对消化腺组织SOD活性诱导的剂量-效应呈抛物线型;根据对SOD活性影响的强弱,三种重金属对近江牡蛎(C.rivularis)的毒性强弱顺序为Cu2 >Pb2 >Zn2 。在实验室条件下,近江牡蛎(C.rivularis)消化腺组织中的SOD活性可作为养殖水体重金属污染程度监测指标,但应用到实际养殖水体尚须进一步研究。     

福建梅花山国家级自然保护区拟赤杨种群分布格局的分形分析

分形理论中的计盒维数、信息维数和关联维数能分别从空间占据程度、格局强度和个体空间关联的尺度变化角度,揭示种群分布格局的尺度变化特征.本文应用以上3个分形维数探讨了福建梅花山国家级自然保护区拟赤杨种群分布格局的多尺度分布规律,计算结果表明,拟赤杨种群的分布格局具有分形特征,其计盒维数为1.0298～1.2982,信息维数为0.9728～1.2464,关联维数为0.5089～0.8047.拟赤杨种群的计盒维数、信息维数较高,而关联维数较小,表明该种群的分布格局强度相对较高,结构相对复杂,具有集聚分布的趋势.     

三峡水库消落区土壤汞吸附解吸动力学特征

对三峡水库消落区5种土壤进行了汞的吸附-解吸试验,用不同的等温吸附方程和化学反应动力学方程进行了模拟比较,结果显示,不同土壤对汞的吸附解吸动力学规律相类似,吸附速率和解吸速率均与土壤pH值呈显著(r=0.933,p＜0.05)和极显著相关性(r=0.962,p＜0.01),但吸附量和解吸量各不相同,其中,紫色潮土对汞的吸附量最大,酸性紫色土最小;灰棕潮土对汞的解吸量最大,黄壤最小,其它类型土壤介于它们之间.     

镧对微囊藻的生长效应及被富集的动力学研究

研究了稀土元素La3 对微囊藻生长效应及其被微囊藻富集的动力学过程 .结果表明 :当La3 的添加浓度小于 2mg·l- 1 时 ,对微囊藻的生长有促进作用 ,当La3 的添加浓度大于 2mg·l- 1 时 ,微囊藻的生长受到抑制 .La3 在微囊藻中富集的动力学过程可用表面配位模型表征     

稻田施用沼渣对甲烷排放通量的影响

通过网室小区试验，观测得出：（１）４种沼渣处理和单施化肥处理的一季稻田平均甲烷排放通量为０．５６９～２．１８８ｍｇ０￣２·ｈ，两者无显著差异；农家肥处理稻田的平均甲烷排放通量为４４．１８ｍｇ／ｍ￣２·ｈ显著高于前两种处理，表明施用沼渣和化肥比施用农家肥能显著减少稻田甲烷排放量；（２）各处理稻田甲烷排放通量峰值期部出现在水稻蘖期至拔节初期，表明这一时期是控制稻田甲烷排放总量的关键时间；（３）各处理甲烷排放通量分别与淹水前各处理土壤及供试有机肥的易矿化碳含量、ＣＨ＿４－Ｃ含量呈显著正相关关系，这表明土壤易矿化碳含量是形成稻田甲烷的重要条件；（４）各处理之间水稻产量没有明显差异。     

企业环境污染行为的经济学研究

从经济学和委托代理理论出发构建非国有企业和国有企业环境污染行为产生的成本－收益决策模型，分析了污染行为产生的根本动因，并据此提出控制企业环境污染行为有效可行的政策。     

缓冲带在农业非点源污染防治中的应用

论述了缓冲带防治非点源污染的机理和效果，分析了影响缓冲带功能的各个因素。缓冲带能有效地控制土壤与土壤养分的流失，其建设与管理在整个生态环境建设中具有重要地位，目前国内外的研究主要集中于缓冲带对径流中营养物质氮和磷的吸收上，对较大区域环境水质影响的研究不曾多见。为达到防治非点源污染的更好效果，应对缓冲带的设计及各种缓冲带合理配置与布局作更深入的研究，并要与水土保持措施相结合。     

非离子型表面活性剂吐温80增溶条件下菲的生物降解

本实验的目的是研究非离子型表面活性剂吐温 80 (Tween 80 )对菲的溶解及生物降解过程的影响。结果表明 ,通过吐温 80促溶 ,菲在水中的溶解度有明显的提高。在与菲共同降解的过程中 ,吐温 80亦能作为碳源被降解微生物利用。但是 ,高浓度的吐温 80对菲的降解有一定的抑制作用 ,同时在菲的降解完成后造成较高的残留表面活性剂量和微生物量     

Heterotrophic bacterial activities and treatment performance of surface flow constructed wetlands receiving woodwaste leachate.

Heterotrophic activities were investigated by measuring 3H-leucine incorporation to bacterial protein and 14C-glucose turnover in surface flow constructed wetlands receiving woodwaste leachate. No significant longitudinal variation was found in heterotrophic activities of bacterioplankton. An open wetland, a vegetated wetland, and a fertilized vegetated wetland were used to examine the effects of vegetation and ammonium nitrate amendment. There was not a significant difference in treatment performance among the three wetlands, except for a significant pH increase and more efficient volatile fatty acids removal in the fertilized wetland. The fertilized wetland had the highest leucine incorporation rate and shortest glucose turnover time accompanied by the lowest glucose mineralization percentage, followed by the open wetland, then the vegetated wetland. Planktonic and sedimentary bacteria contributed to the majority of the total heterotrophic activities; epiphytic bacteria played a minor role. Heterotrophic activities were influenced by the availability of nutrient, electron acceptor, and organic substrate.     

Treatment of atrazine by integrating photocatalytic and biological processes

This research examines the degradation of atrazine by photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) under different experimental conditions. Deisopropylatrazine, deethylatrazine and deethyldeisopropylatrazine were formed as major intermediates based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The reaction mixture was found to be toxic towards two bioassays, i.e. the Microtox and amphipods survival tests even when atrazine was completely degraded by PCO within 2 h under optimized conditions. The results indicate that adding H2O2 could significantly enhance the degradation of atrazine by PCO. Ammeline, ammelide and cyanuric acid (CA) became the major intermediates/products as detected by high performance liquid chromatography from 6th to the 40th h of PCO treatment. After 72 h PCO treatment, only CA was detectable in the reaction mixture. Further degradation of CA was carried out by a newly isolated CA-degrading bacterium, Sphingomonas capsulata. The photochemical pretreatment integrated with microbial degradation lead to the complete degradation and detoxification of atrazine.