厌氧-好氧法治理中药废水研究

厌氧—好氧法处理中药废水 ,污泥中生物相丰富 ,原生、后生动物数量多 ,污泥沉降性能优良 ,出水水质好 ,CODCr、BOD5 等指标都达到了一级排放标准。     

Life cycle analysis and choice of natural gas-based automotive alternative fuels in Chongqing Municipality,China

Road transport produces significant amounts of emissions by using crude oil as the primary energy source. A reduction of emissions can be achieved by implementing alternative fuel chains. The objective of this study is to carry out an economic, environmental and energy (EEE) life cycle study on natural gas-based automotive fuels with conventional gasoline in an abundant region of China. A set of indices of four fuels/vehicle systems on the basis of life cycle are assessed in terms of impact of EEE, in which natural gas produces compressed natural gas (CNG), methanol, dimethylether (DME) and Fischer Tropsch diesel (FTD). The study included fuel production, vehicle production, vehicle operation, infrastructure and vehicle end of life as a system for each fuel/vehicle system. A generic gasoline fueled car is used as a baseline. Data have been reviewed and modified based on the best knowledge available to Chongqing local sources. Results indicated that when we could not change electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles into commercial vehicles on a large scale, direct use of CNG in a dedicated or bi-fuel vehicle is an economical choice for the region which is most energy efficient and more environmental friendly. The study can be used to support decisions on how natural gas resources can best be utilized as a fuel/energy resource for automobiles, and what issues need to be resolved in Chongqing. The models and approaches for this study can be applied to other regions of China as long as all the assumptions are well defined and modified to find a substitute automotive energy source and establish an energy policy in a specific region.     

西部煤矿建设项目土地资源影响量化评价研究

以煤矿建设项目对土地资源影响的特点和规律为基础,满足该类项目环境影响评价要求为指导,以陕西省黄陵建庄矿区建北矿井及选煤厂新建项目为例,介绍西部煤矿建设项目土地资源影响量化评价的方法与思路,是西部煤矿项目土地资源影响评价深化的一种研究,有利于协调煤炭资源开发与土地资源保护问题.     

菌株HX5对多种染料的吸附作用

研究了HX5生长菌体对分属活性、酸性、碱性、直接和分散5大类的26种染料的吸附性能．结果表明，HX5生长菌体可在5h内完全吸附直接染料和分散染料，碱性染料在生长菌体上完全吸附脱色的时间为12h，其次是活性染料，最不易吸附的为酸性染料．染料在生长菌体上的吸附由染料分子的结构和性质所决定，直接染料分子呈线性平面结构、疏水性较强，易于吸附，完全吸附脱色的时间为5h；分散性染料水溶性较差，在静电力的诱导之下即可在较短时间内完全吸附脱色；碱性染料分子带正电，与带负电荷的菌丝球表面异性电荷相吸从而发生吸附脱色；活性染料分子中的氨基质子化后与菌丝球表面相互吸引，氨基质子化的程度越高，吸附效果也就越好；酸性染料分子中氨基质子化程度受到结构本身的限制，以及不存在带正电荷的基团，因而吸附效果最差．     

南水北调中线不同调水方案下的汉江水华发生概率分析

为评估南水北调中线工程对汉江中下游水华的影响，从汉江水华的成因机理分析入手，提出了汉江水华发生概率的计算模型．该模型由河流一维水动力学模型、水体富营养化模型以及随机数生成模型组成，它不仅可以模拟汉江水华的发生机理，而且可以对诱发水华的各种因子进行随机抽样组合，从而求出中线调水不同方案实施后汉江水华的发生概率．计算结果表明，在现状情况下汉江水华的发生概率为9．2％，南水北调中线各调水方案（无引江济汉工程）实施后，汉江水华发生的概率将有一定程度的增加，而如果调水方案与引江济汉工程同时兴建将大大减少汉江水华发生的概率．最后提出建议，汉江自身的水污染治理是减少水华发生概率的最根本措施，而丹江口水库和引江济汉工程的联合调度将会减小汉江水华发生的概率．     

Preliminary studies on nitrous oxide emissions from the ornithogenic soils on Xi-sha atoll, South China Sea

IntroductionNitrousoxide (N2 O)isoneofthemostimportantgreenhousegases ,anditplaysanimportantroleinthedepletionofstratosphericozone (Crutzen ,1977;Zhu ,2 0 0 4 ) .TheatmosphericN2 Oconcentrationshavebeenincreasingattherateof 0 2 %— 0 3%peryearandthegl…     

Biological pretreatment of Yellow River water

Bio-ceramic filter(BF) and moving-bed biofilm reactor(MBBR) were used for biological pretreatment of Yellow River water in this study. The BF only had slight advantage over MBBR for TOC and ammonia removal. However, like UV254, the average removal rate of THMFP in the BF was much higher than that in the MBBR. UV254 removal did not show obvious correlation with trihalomethane formation potential(THMFP) removal. Hexachlorocyclohexane could be effectively removed in both BF and MBBR. As for diatom and cyanobateria removal the MBBR had better performance than the BF, which was contrary to the average chlorophyll-a(Chl-a) removal rate. The proposal was made in this study that biological flocculation and sedimentation of sloughed biofilm should play a more important role on algae removal in the MBBR than in the BF. The BF and MBBR could effectively remove microcystins. Moreover, MBBR could be a promising technology for biological pretreatment.     

Degradation of nitrobenzene in aqueous solution by ozone-ceramic honeycomb

IntroductionAs a promising advanced oxidation technology for watertreatment ,catalytic ozonation has received great attentionforthe efficient degradation of organic compoundsinrecent years(Legube , 1999) . Some studies showed that homogeneousand heterogen…     

粉煤灰在城市固体废物好氧填埋中应用的研究

从理论和实验两方面系统地阐述了粉煤灰在城市固体废物 (MSW)好氧填埋中的应用。粉煤灰具有良好的吸附性能及pH值调节能力 ,与MSW按适当比例混合后进行好氧填埋 ,能够弥补城市固体废物好氧填埋的不足 ,更能有效地降解垃圾 ,尤其是对垃圾渗滤液具有更好的降解效果     

喷射成形制造工艺

喷射成形是一种先进的材料制备技术,该技术具有近终形制造的特点,近年来已广泛应用于研究和开发多种高性能快速凝固材料.文中介绍了喷射成形工艺过程、特点,并回顾了喷射成形工艺的发展历程及现在所达到的技术水平.