Relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge derived from different source

Sewage sludge (SS) and deinking sludge (DS) were used to comparatively study the hydrothermal dewatering of sludge with different components. For a better overview, an insight into the relationship between physicochemical properties and dewaterability of hydrothermal sludge was provided. Results found that not all kinds of sludge were suitably conditioned by hydrothermal treatment (HT) in term of the elevation of dewaterability. Higher hydrothermal temperature tended to enhance the dewaterability of SS rather than DS, which was supported by the variation of their physicochemical properties (including water distribution, bonding energy, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), particles size, acid functional groups and zeta potential in this study). In addition, the changes in surface morphology suggested that the reverse effect of HT on sludge dewaterability was mainly due to their dewatering behavior. For SS, the destruction of EPS structure leaded to the release of bound water, thereby strengthening sludge dewatering. Conversely, “Bridging effect” generated by lignocellulose in DS was beneficial for sludge dewatering; however, the increasing hydrothermal temperature degraded part of lignocellulose and weakened “bridging effect”, finally resulting in worse dewaterability of DS.     

包装箱用碳纤维增强复合材料贮存寿命研究

目的研究碳纤维增强复合材料贮存条件下的性能变化趋势和寿命评估。方法对碳纤维增强复合材料开展四个不同温度条件下的热氧老化试验,按试验周期定期取样开展冲击性能测试,对试验数据采用寿命预估方法进行处理,对材料性能进行预估。结果通过数据计算分别得到我国热带海洋、干热沙漠等典型气候条件下的碳纤维增强复合材料贮存寿命分别为17.21~35.89年。结论碳纤维增强复合材料具有较好的贮存性能,在较为严酷的热带海洋气候和给定的失效判据条件下,寿命预计为17.21年。试验和数据处理方法可以较好地预计材料的性能变化趋势和开展寿命评估。     

基于环境保护大数据的监测与智能诊断研究

为了提高环境保护的智能监测能力,采用大数据分析方法进行环境监测和诊断分析,提出一种基于环保大数据关联特征挖掘的环境保护智能监测与诊断技术。构建环境监测的约束参量模型,以土壤监测数据、空间污染排放量以及水资源监测数据为原始统计数据,采用关联规则特征提取方法进行环保大数据的有用信息挖掘,结合模糊C均值聚类算法实现对环保大数据的分类处理,根据分类结果进行环保监测和智能诊断分析。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行环保大数据挖掘的准确性较好,对各种污染信息的分类精度较高,提高了环保监测和诊断的有效性与实时性。     

Determination of PAHs by On-Line Polarization Synchronous Fluorescence with HPLC

A novel analytical method has been established for on-line simultaneous determination of fluorene and acenaphthene,chrysene and benzo[a]anthracene (B[a]A) by polarization synchronous fluoromet.y (PSF) coupled to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The detection limits were: 0.039, 0.046, 0.016 and 0.042 mgL-1 for fluorene, acenaphthene, chrysene and B[a]A, respectively. The proposed method has been successfisily applied to simultaneous determination of these PAHs in environmental air and marine sediment samples.     

Determination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds in water samples by membrane extraction and gas chromatography

A membrane extraction-gas chromatography method was developed fordetermination of organophosphorus pesticides and related compounds including methamidophos, DDVP, dimethoate, methyl parathion, parathion, thiophosphoric acid trimethyl ester, and thiophosphoramidic acid dimethyl ester in water samples. In thismethod, surface-modified acetic cellulose membranes were used to extract the target analytes in water samples, the extracted analytes were back-extracted into a small amount of methanol, andgas chromatography with pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) was used to determine the concentrations of targetanalytes in the extracts. The recoveries obtained for thetarget analytes spiked into the water samples ranged from 66to 94%. The method detection limit for each target analyte was 0.05 g L^-1. The method developed in this study had shown the advantages of being cheap, simple, fast, and reliable. It had been used successfully to determine the concentrations of target analytes in river water samples.     

粗苯污染事故应急处理

针对一次苯泄漏事故的应急处理过程、方法进行论述与总结，并分析了事故现场周围地表、地下水中苯污染浓度的变化情况，提出了该类事故的应急措施，以此作为处理同类事故的参考和依据。     

用密切值法评价沙湾荒漠区生态环境质量

利用多目标决策中的密切值法进行沙湾荒漠区生态环境综合评价。该方法简便、适用、且分辨率较高，对各监测点群的定量描述符合实际状况。     

小型废电池填埋焚烧处置的健康风险分析

对废电池采取填埋、焚烧处置所引起的健康风险进行了分析，采用3种模型，分别研究了废电池随城市固体废物一起完全填埋处置，一起完全焚烧处置，一起部分填埋处置和部分焚烧处理时，可能引起的健康风险，由分析可知，镉镍电池焚烧过程将引起不可接受的致癌风险，填埋废电池也会引起重金属非致癌风险，提出在现阶段没有单独收集分类管理的条件下，对于小型废电池应采取填埋焚烧联合处置的办法，但应避免镉镍电池的焚烧，在建立了收集体系后，应该分类进行资源化和无害化管理。     

Occurrence and congeners specific of poiychlorinated biphenyls in agricultural soils from Southern Jiangsu, China

A total of 198 agricultural soil samples were collected from Zhangjiagang and Changshu in Southern Jiangsu for analysis of 13 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in order to assess the levels of pollution, sources, area distribution, and potential risk for the environment. All methods were rigorously tested and an adequate quality control was ensured. Only one site had no PCBs residues, and the highest total PCBs concentration in the surface soils was 32.83 ng/g. The average concentration in all the soil samples was 4.13 ng/g, signaling low-level pollution. Tetra-, penta-, and hexa-chlorinated biphenyls were dominant species in soil samples, accounting for more than 75% ofΣPCBs in the soil samples. PCB118 was the most abundant congener in all the samples. The PCB118 was about 20% ofΣPCBs. The soil organic matter content showed only a weak correlation with the levels of all PCB congeners, in which a better correlation was noted for the more volatile lighter PCB congeners than for the heavier homologues. To a certain extent, the sources and land use seemed to influence the levels of PCBs.