酸雾抑制剂的研究

针对酸洗中酸雾污染的问题，采用加入抑雾剂的方法治理酸雾。利用大气采样中和滴定法和失重法测量抑雾率和缓蚀率。     

Comparison of different phosphate species adsorption by ferric and alum water treatment residuals

As safe byproducts of drinking water treatment processes,ferric and alum water treatment residuals(FARs) have the potential to be new phosphate(P) immobilization materials.In this study,batch experiments were conducted to investigate and compare the adsorption characteristics of three P species by FARs.The results showed that the kinetic processes of different P species’ adsorption by FARs could be described by a pseudo second-order model.The ranking list of the initial adsorption rates with respect to different phosphates was pyrophosphate,phytate,orthophosphate,hexametaphosphate and glycerophosphate.Of the six models considered,the two-site Langmuir model most effectively described the adsorption characteristics of the various P species.Upon fitting the results,the maximum adsorption capacities were determined to be 40.24 mg/g for phytate,18.04 mg/g for pyrophosphate,17.14 mg/g for orthophosphate,15.86 mg/g for hexametaphosphate and 10.81 mg/g for glycerophosphate.In addition,the adsorption processes of the different P species were spontaneous endothermic processes and were favored at lower pH values.The pH dependency was found to be especially true for orthophosphate,where the adsorption capacity decreased by 1.22 mg/g with an increase in pH from 5 to 9.Fractionation of the adsorbed P species from the FARs demonstrated that Al-P and Fe-P were the dominating forms,constituting approximately 80%-90% of the total P fractions,which indicated that the adsorbed P species had a low leaching risk and could stably exist in the FARs.Therefore,the FARs could be effective in controlling pollution in water caused by different P species.     

剩余污泥中木质纤维素能源转化潜力分析

剩余污泥中存在相当数量难以生物降解的木质纤维素。它们不仅妨碍污泥减量,另一方面也容易导致其中所含能量的流失。因此,需要研发一定的技术措施,使其在污泥厌氧消化过程中首先能够实现能源化,继而达到污泥减量的目的。从木质纤维素的3种基本单元———半纤维素、纤维素和木质素的化学结构入手,详细描述各种基本单元的结构异、同之处以及它们组成相互联接异常稳固的聚合物构造。继而从微生物学角度审视3种基本结构单元以及所形成的聚合物之微生物降解可行性与原理,从而判断出木质纤维素实现厌氧微生物转化能源的瓶颈所在。最后,在综述纯植物木质纤维素微生物转化能源原理与工艺的基础上,提出剩余污泥中木质纤维素能源转化的技术策略。     

锅炉安全评价

对锅炉危险、有害因素进行了分析,并对其危险性作了定性、定量评价,最后在分析评价的基础上,提出了相应的对策措施。     

Use of Fe/Al drinking water treatment residuals as amendments for enhancing the retention capacity of glyphosate in agricultural soils

Fe/Al drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs), ubiquitous and non-hazardous by-products of drinking water purification, are cost-effective adsorbents for glyphosate. Given that repeated glyphosate applications could significantly decrease glyphosate retention by soils and that the adsorbed glyphosate is potentially mobile, high sorption capacity and stability of glyphosate in agricultural soils are needed to prevent pollution of water by glyphosate. Therefore, we investigated the feasibility of reusing Fe/Al WTR as a soil amendment to enhance the retention capacity of glyphosate in two agricultural soils. The results of batch experiments showed that the Fe/Al WTR amendment significantly enhanced the glyphosate sorption capacity of both soils (p < 0.001). Up to 30% of the previously adsorbed glyphosate desorbed from the non-amended soils, and the Fe/Al WTR amendment effectively decreased the proportion of glyphosate desorbed. Fractionation analyses further demonstrated that glyphosate adsorbed to non-amended soils was primarily retained in the readily labile fraction (NaHCO₃-glyphosate). The WTR amendment significantly increased the relative proportion of the moderately labile fraction (HCl-glyphosate) and concomitantly reduced that of the NaHCO₃-glyphosate, hence reducing the potential for the release of soil-adsorbed glyphosate into the aqueous phase. Furthermore, Fe/Al WTR amendment minimized the inhibitory effect of increasing solution pH on glyphosate sorption by soils and mitigated the effects of increasing solution ionic strength. The present results indicate that Fe/Al WTR is suitable for use as a soil amendment to prevent glyphosate pollution of aquatic ecosystems by enhancing the glyphosate retention capacity in soils.     

变配电作业危险有害因素分析及对策

对变配电作业过程中的危险、有害因素进行了分析，并提出了相关的安全对策措施。     

有机膨润土吸附苯胺的性能及工艺条件的优化

以钙基膨润土为原料,钠化后用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)进行有机改性,制得有机膨润土。在单因素吸附实验的基础上,采用L16(44)正交实验法对有机膨润土吸附水中苯胺的工艺条件进行了优化研究。结果表明,当矿物的粒径小于74μm、振荡速度为150 r/m in、吸附液为25 mL,并且以此三者为固定因素时,其优化工艺条件为有机膨润土投加量2.0 g,温度40℃,pH 7,吸附时间1.5 h。     

给水处理厂铁铝泥对正磷酸盐的吸附效果

通过批量实验和柱状实验并结合磷的分级提取探究了给水处理厂废弃铁铝泥(ferric-alum water treatment re-siduals,FARs)吸附正磷酸盐的效果。批量实验结果表明,Langmuir和Freundlich方程均能较好地描述FARs对磷的等温吸附过程,且当pH从5增至9时,FARs磷的饱和吸附量从41.68 mg/g减小到17.08 mg/g。pH越低,磷与FARs的结合能力越强。柱状实验结果表明,FARs具有显著的磷吸附能力,在运行的89 d里,磷的去除率保持在80%以上。出水pH与进水相比略有增加,但增加量不会对地表水体造成影响。磷的分级提取结果进一步说明,被吸附的磷主要以释磷风险小的铁铝结合态存在。综合实验结果表明,FARs可以作为高效磷吸附剂应用于地表水除磷。     

我国炼油行业碳排放估算与分析

针对目前我国炼油行业排放总量不清楚的问题,文章首先对我国炼油行业二氧化碳排放源和影响因素进行简述,进一步借鉴欧洲炼厂二氧化碳排放系数,对我国炼厂二氧化碳排放总量进行估算,并对结果进行了分析。研究结果可为进一步了解我国炼厂二氧化碳排放情况及进一步的减排工作起到参考作用。     

提高低C/N值农村生活污水中TN的去除效果

高负荷渗滤田工艺处理农村生活污水后,出水中C/N值降低,后续反硝化池由于缺少碳源,系统出水中TN难以稳定达标。研究在不对整个系统构筑物进行大的改造、不增加外购碳源的前提下,通过往后续反硝化池掺混部分调节池原水的措施,提高了TN的去除效率。研究结果表明,通过掺混10%左右的调节池原水,系统TN的去除效率提高了约10%,由68.2%提升到了77.5%。系统出水中各主要指标均可达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准要求。系统运行费用低且实验未增加运行成本,工程可为气候条件相近、水质类似地区农村生活污水的处理提供借鉴。