钢丝绳行业污泥特性及挥发回转窑处理技术研究

富含重金属污泥的处置和回收利用至今常有技术上的难点,更难以实现工业化的回收利用。分析研究了南通地区钢丝绳生产废水处理过程中所产生污泥的组分和特性,并与常见几类污泥作了比较。结果表明,具有高灰分和低热值的这种污泥的燃烧特性和电镀污泥相似,其主要组分Pb、Zn和Fe的含量分别为0.42％～0.58％、1.11％～5.33％...     

改性秸秆制备固定化微生物及对钻井泥浆的处理

将小麦秸秆改性后制备改性秸秆固定化微生物,用于处理钻井泥浆。考察了改性时间、改性剂浓度、改性剂配比对秸秆吸附微生物效果的影响,以及改性秸秆固定化微生物对钻井泥浆的处理效果。实验结果表明:在改性时间为60 min、氢氧化钠溶液浓度为0.1 mol/L、过氧化氢溶液浓度为1.0 mol/L、氢氧化钠溶液与过氧化氢溶液体积比为3∶1的最佳改性条件下,改性秸秆的BET比表面积增大了36.27%,Langmuir比表面积增加了37.63%,微生物吸附量增加了200.77%;在钻井泥浆处理量为1 000 g、改性秸秆固定化微生物加入量为2 g、土壤加入量为1 000 g、处理时间为15 d的条件下,钻井泥浆COD、可溶性盐、石油烃的去除率分别为84.9%,71.6%,90.1%。     

高昌故城内城墙墙体土遗址动力响应分析∗

对高昌故城内城墙墙体进行现场脉动测试,获取土建筑遗址的频谱特性及其自振频率,分析高昌故城内城墙不同部位速度放大效应,研究其在地震荷载作用下的动力响应特征,明确墙体薄弱部位已有加固措施的防护效果。结果表明：高昌故城内城墙的速度放大倍数约1.5~2倍,与地脉动测试结果大致吻合;内城墙自底部至顶部,速度、位移响应均逐渐增大,二者在墙体凹陷处的表现不同,前者相对降低、后者量值最大;内城墙凹陷及洞穴处加固前后应力分布变化明显,应力集中部位不再处于墙体薄弱部位,墙体加固效果良好。所得结果可为高昌故城墙体抗震加固防护提供参考依据。     

化学溶蚀及冻融循环作用下砂岩的力学特性研究∗

选取云南的砂岩作为试验岩样,研究砂岩经过化学溶蚀及冻融循环作用下的力学特性。通过对砂岩在3种水化环境(PH=3的HCl溶液、PH=7的水溶液、PH=12的NaOH溶液)作用后分别进行循环冻融试验,并在不同冻融循环温度 (-20 ℃、-30 ℃、-40 ℃、-50 ℃)作用下对试样进行单轴压缩试验和三点弯曲试验。结果表明：砂岩经过化学溶蚀和冻融循环作用下的劣化损伤模式主要受冻融循环温度及不同水溶液影响,在不同的水溶液中,单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、应力峰值和断裂韧度均随着冻融循环温度的降低而逐渐降低;HCl溶液浸泡后的砂岩损伤变量最大,而在对砂岩有修补作用的NaOH溶液中出现了负损伤的变化。     

Nb2O5 nanowires in-situ grown on carbon fiber: A high-efficiency material for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI)

Niobium oxide nanowire-deposited carbon fiber (CF) samples were prepared using a hydrothermal method with amorphous Nb₂O₅·nH₂O as precursor. The physical properties of the samples were characterized by means of numerous techniques, including X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected-area electron diffraction (SAED), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), N₂ adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The efficiency for the removal of Cr(VI) was determined. Parameters such as pH value and initial Cr(VI) concentration could influence the Cr(VI) removal efficiency or adsorption capacity of the Nb₂O₅/carbon fiber sample obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 14 hr. The maximal Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of the Nb₂O₅ nanowire/CF sample was 115 mg/g. This Nb₂O₅/CF sample also showed excellent photocatalytic activity and stability for the reduction of Cr(VI) under UV-light irradiation: the Cr(VI) removal efficiency reached 99.9% after UV-light irradiation for 1 hr and there was no significant decrease in photocatalytic performance after the use of the sample for 10 repeated cycles. Such excellent Cr(VI) adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance was related to its high surface area, abundant surface hydroxyl groups, and good UV-light absorption ability.     

Nb_2O_5 nanowires in-situ grown on carbon fiber: A high-efficiency material for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)

Niobium oxide nanowire-deposited carbon fiber(CF) samples were prepared using a hydrothermal method with amorphous Nb_2O_5·nH_2O as precursor. The physical properties of the samples were characterized by means of numerous techniques, including X-ray diffraction(XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), selected-area electron diffraction(SAED), UV–visible spectroscopy(UV–vis), N_2 adsorption–desorption, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The efficiency for the removal of Cr(VI) was determined.Parameters such as pH value and initial Cr(VI) concentration could influence the Cr(VI) removal efficiency or adsorption capacity of the Nb_2O_5/carbon fiber sample obtained after hydrothermal treatment at 160°C for 14 hr. The maximal Cr(VI) adsorption capacity of the Nb_2O_5 nanowire/CF sample was 115 mg/g. This Nb_2O_5/CF sample also showed excellent photocatalytic activity and stability for the reduction of Cr(VI) under UV-light irradiation: the Cr(VI) removal efficiency reached 99.9% after UV-light irradiation for 1 hr and there was no significant decrease in photocatalytic performance after the use of the sample for 10 repeated cycles. Such excellent Cr(VI) adsorption capacity and photocatalytic performance was related to its high surface area,abundant surface hydroxyl groups, and good UV-light absorption ability.     

石窟防震减灾与文物保护

针对石窟文物的特点,强调了防震减灾在石窟文物保护中的重要性．阐述了石窟的抗震防灾应从地震安全性评价、石窟地震稳定性分析、工程防护措施三个方面加以考虑,并就其中的一些关键问题进行了探讨．     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定废水中喹乙醇和3种四环素类抗生素

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法同时检测废水中喹乙醇、土霉素(OTC)、四环素(TC)和金霉素(CTC)的分析方法。实验对前处理方法和色谱条件进行了探讨和优化,结果表明水样pH值为2.5,不加提取剂时Oasis HLB柱的纯化富集效果最好,液相色谱在375 nm处对四种物质的分离性能最佳。该方法具有良好的线性关系(r>0.999),最低检出限为11～26 ug/L。喹乙醇和3种四环素类抗生素的加标回收率分别为91%～95%,90%～91%,86%～90%和81%～86%,相对标准偏差为3.4%～6.3%。     

滑坡的发生与降雨关系的研究

在分析滑坡的地质资料和气象资料的基础上,讨论了降雨诱发滑坡的机制,并深入探讨了滑坡与降雨的关系,包括:滑坡与降雨的分布特点、滑坡与降雨频次之间的关系、滑坡与降雨在时间上的关系等。结果表明:滑坡发生的概率和滑坡数量不仅与降雨量的大小成正相关关系,而且与滑坡发生的当天降雨及前期降雨特征关系密切。     

Elevated CO2 reduces the response of Sitobion avenae (Homoptera: Aphididae) to alarm pheromone

The aphid alarm pheromone (E)-β-farnesene (EβF) is an efficient signal that warns aphids of attack by natural enemies. In this field study, eight open-top chambers (OTCs) located in Beijing, China (40°11′N, 116°24′E) with spring wheat Triticum aestivum were used to examine the response of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae to CO₂ (ambient vs. double ambient) and EβF (applied zero, two, or five times each day). We experimentally tested the hypotheses that, depending on frequency of EβF release, elevated CO₂ reduces the response (in terms of population density) of S. avenae to EβF, and that lower activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in S. avenae may be involved in its reduced sensitivity to EβF under elevated CO₂. Numbers of S. avenae declined with increased frequency of EβF application under ambient CO₂ but were unaffected by EβF application under elevated CO₂. Additionally, the mean relative growth rate (MRGR) and the dry material and amino acid content of S. avenae increased with elevated CO₂ but declined when with EβF application. Activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were higher in S. avenae under elevated vs. ambient CO₂. Under elevated CO₂, however, AChE activity remained low when S. avenae was exposed to the lower EβF frequency, while the highest AChE activity occurred in aphids exposed to the higher EβF frequency. These results indicate that aphids become insensitive to EβF under elevated CO₂, perhaps because of decreased AChE activity.