土壤pH和Cd全量对伴矿景天修复效率的影响

修复效率是影响植物修复周期和技术推广的主要因素之一.采用不同pH和不同程度Cd污染农田土壤进行盆栽试验,其中,重度Cd污染土壤（简称"SKS处理"）中w（Cd）（Cd全量）高于GB 15618-2018《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》中的风险管控值,中度Cd污染土壤（通过人为调节并稳定其pH为3.97、4.97、6.03、6.90和7.93）中w（Cd）介于GB 15618-2018风险筛选值和管控值之间,轻度Cd污染土壤（简称"YH处理"）中w（Cd）略高于GB 15618-2018风险筛选值;比较修复前后不同pH和不同程度Cd污染对土壤Cd有效性、形态分配及w（Cd）的影响,并结合PCA（主成分分析）和Pearson相关性分析等方法深入研究影响植物修复效率的主控因素.结果表明:①与修复前相比,不同pH处理修复后土壤中w（有效态Cd）、w（弱酸提取态Cd）、w（可还原态Cd）、w（可氧化态Cd）和w（Cd）的减少量均随pH的降低而增加,土壤pH ≤ 6.0时,伴矿景天修复效率显著高于土壤pH>6.0的处理（P <0.05）.②修复后,轻度Cd污染土壤中w（Cd）降至GB 15618-2018风险筛选值以下,中度Cd污染土壤pH ≤ 6.0的处理中w（Cd）降至0.60 mg/kg左右,而pH>6.0的处理中w（Cd）仍高于1.00 mg/kg.③重度Cd污染土壤中w（有效态Cd）最高,其伴矿景天生物量与轻度Cd污染土壤处理无显著差异,w（Cd）达681.5 mg/kg,但修复效率显著低于其他处理（P <0.05）.综合PCA和Pearson相关性分析发现,影响伴矿景天修复效率的主控因素除土壤pH、Cd有效性和伴矿景天生物量外,伴矿景天的BCF（富集系数）对修复效率也具有重要作用.因此,伴矿景天更适用于弱酸性、中度Cd污染和轻度Cd污染土壤;而对碱性或重度Cd污染土壤进行植物修复时,可适当延长修复周期或联合修复以提高其修复效率.      

Water quality characteristics and assessment of Yongding New River by improved comprehensive water quality identification index based on game theory

The Yongding New River is essential for the water supplies of Tianjin. To date, there is no comprehensive report that assesses the year-round water quality of the Yongding New River Main stream. Moreover, little attention has been given to determining a combined weight for improving the traditional comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) by the game theory. Seven water quality parameters were investigated monthly along the main stream of the Yongding New River from May 2018 to April 2019. Organic contaminants and nitrogen pollution were mainly caused by point sources pollution, and the total phosphorus mainly by non-point source pollution. Dramatic spatio-temporal variations of water quality parameters were jointly caused by different pollutant sources and hydrometeorological factors. In terms of this study, an improved comprehensive water quality identification index (ICWQII) based on entropy weight or variation coefficient and traditional CWQII underestimated the water qualities, and an ICWQII based on the superstandard multiple method overvalued the assessments. By contrast, water qualities assessments done with an ICWQII based on the game theory matched perfectly with the practical situation. The ICWQII based on game theory proposed in this study takes into account not only the degree of disorder and variation of water quality data, but also the influence of standard-exceeded pollution indicators, whose results are relatively reasonable. All findings and the ICWQII based on game theory can provide scientific support for decisions related to the water environment management of the Yongding New River and other waters.     

“煤改气”投资对宏观经济的拉动效应:基于北京市可计算一般均衡模型分析

“煤改气”是我国大气污染防治行动计划的政策措施之一,国内外目前对“煤改气”政策实施的环境效果研究较多,但对“煤改气”投资对宏观经济的拉动作用研究较少. 为综合评价“煤改气”政策的整体效果、探讨“煤改气”投资对宏观经济的拉动作用,以北京市为例,构建了北京市可计算一般均衡模型(MRDR-BJ),基于2017年北京市投入产出表,模拟不同情景下“煤改气”投资对宏观经济的拉动效应. 结果表明:随着“煤改气”投资的增加,北京市宏观经济增加值、温室气体排放量、就业量、家庭收入均增加;“煤改气”投资每增加20%,这些宏观指标分别增长0.05%、0.07%、0.07%和0.07%;“煤改气”投资对宏观经济的拉动系数为1.77. 研究显示,“煤改气”投资对宏观经济具有较大的拉动效应,建议全国各地尽快落实“煤改气”规划,以加快大气污染治理、促进生态环境建设,助力我国碳达峰、碳中和中长期目标的实现.      

Sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils

Pymetrozine is a selective insecticide with a unique chemical structure and mode to control hemipteran and homopteran. While pymetrozine has brought great benefits to crop production by killing insects, its residues in soil may have a detrimental effect on environment. Therefore, it is of great importance to investigate its behaviors in soil. In this study, the sorption and desorption of pymetrozine on six Chinese soils were investigated using a batch equilibrium approach to understand its mobile behavior in the soils. Both sorption and desorption isotherms of pymetrozine were in good agreement with the Freundlich model. The sorption coefficient K_F varied between 3.37 and 58.32 mL∙g⁻¹ and the sorption isotherms were nonlinear, with 1/n ranging from 0.57 to 0.91. A regression equation was proposed to predict the sorption of pymetrozine on six different soil samples: log K_F = 4.3708 − 4.5709 × log (pH in 0.01mol·L⁻¹ CaCl₂) + 0.4700 × log OC% + 0.0057 × sand (%) + 0.0022 × CEC(clay), with R² = 0.9982. The organic carbon content of soil positively affected the sorption of pymetrozine, but soil pH had a negative effect on the sorption. Additionally, effects of CaCl₂ concentration, soil to solution ratio and pesticide form were investigated. The sorption was promoted with an increase in soil to solution ratio and a decrease in CaCl₂ concentration. The possible variation of the five formulated products of pymetrozine was also investigated.     

近断层地震作用下重大工程结构响应分析研究

水电站地震特征和响应的确定一直是一个较敏感的课题,本文以入射脉冲响应下某水电站的响应模拟为例说明模拟方法和软件应用,具有一定的理论价值和参考作用。     

低温热氧化法强化剩余污泥微生物燃料电池的产电特性

城市污水处理厂污泥因有机物含量高而成为微生物燃料电池(MFC)应用研究的主要方向之一,而污泥中有机质的释放成为限制其发展的主要因素.本实验利用低温热解和过氧化氢氧化处理的耦合方法预处理城市污水处理厂污泥,分析了其作为燃料对MFC产电性能的影响.研究表明,利用预处理后的污泥上清液作为燃料,预处理温度、时间、pH值和过氧化氢投加量对MFC的产电性能影响大.当温度、时间、pH值和过氧化氢分别为100℃、90 min、11和500 g·kg TSS~(-1)的预处理条件下,MFC功率密度最大,分别为235、287、233.2、280 mW·m~(-3).采用热氧化法预处理污泥,可有利于污泥的破解,使能被产电菌利用的营养物质增多,提高了MFC产电特性,可为污泥资源化利用提供有益的参考.     

Degradation of sulfonamides antibiotics in lake water and sediment

Degradation of three sulfonamides (SAs), namely sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamethazine (SMZ), and sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in surface water and sediments collected from Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake, China was investigated in this study. The surface water (5–10 cm) was collected from the east region of Taihu Lake, China. Two sets of degradation experiments were conducted in 3-L glass bottles containing 2 L of fresh lake water and 100 μg/L of individual SAs aerated by bubbling air at a rate of approximately 1.2 L/min, one of which was sterilized by the addition of NaN₃ (0.1 %). Sediment samples were taken from Taihu Lake and Dianchi Lake, China. For the sediment experiment, 5 g of sediment were weighed into a 50-mL glass tube, with 10 mg/kg of individual SAs. Different experimental conditions including the sediment types, sterilization, light exposure, and redox condition were also considered in the experiments. The three SAs degraded in lake water with half-lives (t _1/2) of 10.5–12.9 days, and the half-lives increased significantly to 31.9–49.8 days in the sterilized water. SMZ and SDM were degraded by abiotic processes in Taihu and Dianchi sediments, and the different experimental conditions and sediments characteristics had no significant effect on their declines. SMX, however, was mainly transformed by facultative anaerobes in Taihu and Dianchi sediments under anaerobic conditions, and the degradation rate of SMX in non-sterile sediment (t _1/2 of 9.6–16.7 days) were higher than in sterilized sediment (t _1/2 of 18.7–135.9 days). Under abiotic conditions, degradation of SMX in Dianchi sediment was faster than in Taihu sediment, probably due to the higher organic matter content and inorganic photosensitizers concentrations in Dianchi sediment. High initial SAs concentration inhibited the SAs degradation, which was likely related to the inhibition of microorganism activities by high SAs levels in sediments. Results from this study could provide information on the persistence of commonly used sulfanomides antibiotics in lake environment.     

废弃油基钻井液提取柴油剩余废弃物无害化处理研究

针对废弃油基钻井液中柴油回收过程产生的泥渣、废水、废白土和酸碱废渣具有高色度、高pH、高COD和高石油类的特点,通过优化实验得出了一步法无害化处理废弃混合物的最佳固化配方:水泥和粉煤灰加量分别为12.5%,激活剂SG加量1.5%,促凝剂LSL加量1.5%,石灰加量1%。在最佳固化配方下,固化体浸出液的各主要污染指标都符合《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级标准,固化成本约100元/m3,与分别处理废渣、废液相比,其处理成本可降低约20%。     

肥料对土壤重金属有效态及水稻幼苗重金属积累的影响

为探究施用不同肥料对红黄泥和河沙泥农田土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd有效态含量的影响,通过盆栽试验,研究了施用7种肥料（猪粪、鸡粪、紫云英、商品有机肥、磷肥、复合肥、化肥）对土壤重金属有效态含量及水稻幼苗重金属积累的影响.结果表明:①红黄泥中复合肥处理能显著增加Zn有效态含量,比对照增加57.0%,猪粪处理显著降低了Cu、Pb、Cd有效态含量,比对照降低22.1%、13.4%、20.0%.②不同处理河沙泥中Cu有效态含量变化不显著,复合肥处理显著增加Zn有效态含量,比对照增加23倍,化肥处理显著增加Pb有效态含量,比对照增加31.6%,施用复合肥显著增加Cd有效态含量,比对照增加30.6%.③红黄泥中商品有机肥、紫云英处理显著增加水稻根Cd含量,且紫云英处理效果更明显,比对照增加1.92倍,猪粪、鸡粪、商品有机肥、磷肥处理均降低了水稻秸秆Cd含量,且商品有机肥作用更明显,比对照降低58.7%.④在河沙泥中商品有机肥、紫云英处理显著增加了水稻根Cd含量,且商品有机肥处理效果更明显,比对照增加4.27倍,猪粪、鸡粪处理均降低了水稻秸秆Cd含量,且鸡粪作用更明显,比对照降低29.2%.研究显示,不同处理土壤中Cu、Zn有效态含量差异明显;磷肥处理能显著降低红黄泥中Pb有效态含量,猪粪、鸡粪、紫云英处理可显著降低红黄泥中Cd有效态含量,复合肥处理能显著增加河沙泥Cd有效态含量;猪粪、鸡粪处理均能降低红黄泥和河沙泥中水稻秸秆Cd含量.