改性生物炭负载纳米零价铁活化过硫酸盐降解活性蓝19的机理及老化研究

采用磷酸改性的黍糠基生物炭作为纳米零价铁(Nanoscale zero-valent iron,nZVI)载体,成功制备出一种高效非均相活化材料一磷酸改性生物炭负载纳米零价铁(nZVI@PBC),用来活化过硫酸盐(Persulfate,PS)降解印染废水中的典型染料—活性蓝(Reactive Blue 19,RB19)...     

不同因素对多硫化钙处理地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)效果影响

选用多硫化钙为还原剂,进行地下水中Cr(Ⅵ)去除效果的研究。主要考察了多硫化钙投加量、溶液p H、温度、Mn(II)、Fe(III)、腐殖酸(HA)存在条件下,对多硫化钙处理Cr(Ⅵ)效果的影响。结果表明:当多硫化钙与Cr(Ⅵ)的摩尔比由1∶1变到5∶1时,去除率从41.03%增加到100.00%;溶液p H值从6.0增上升到9.0时,去除率下降27.16%;水环境温度由(7±1)℃增加到(27±1)℃时,去除率达到100.00%所需反应时间,缩短了4~6倍;当地下水中含有Mn(II),随着Mn(II)质量浓度升高(0.00~10.00 mg·L-1),Cr(Ⅵ)浓度低于检测线所需要的时间缩短3倍;当地下水中含有Fe(III),Fe(III)质量浓度从0.00 mg·L-1增加到10.00 mg·L-1,去除率增加9.05%;当地下水中含有HA(0.00~15.00 mg·L-1),去除率由99.31%降低至90.28%。(7)多硫化钙与六价铬的反应产物的X射线衍射光谱图像中2θ值为18.2°、19.36°、26.67°与Cr(OH)3,2θ值为23.02°与单质S的标准卡片匹配度较高。另外,对含有11.36 mg·L-1 Cr(Ⅵ)实际污染地下水的处理效果表明,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到99.78%,残留浓度达到GB/T 1448—1993地下水质量标准III类标准,说明多硫化钙修复实际铬污染地下水具有良好的应用前景。     

高砷煤燃烧影响下室内外空气砷含量特征

利用空气总悬浮物采样器和安德森颗粒物分级采样器,对陕西南部燃煤型砷中毒地区的室内外空气样品进行了采集和化学分析,探讨了室内外空气ρ(总砷)与煤w(砷)的关系,以及空气ρ(总砷)在不同粒径颗粒物中的分布特征. 结果表明:室内外空气ρ(总砷)均与煤w(砷)呈显著正相关,烤火间空气ρ(总砷)与煤w(砷)的相关系数(R)为0.80(P<0.01);室外空气ρ(总砷)平均值与当地煤w(砷)平均值的相关系数(R)为0.97(P<0.01);烤火间空气ρ(总砷)高峰主要出现在向煤炉添煤3 h后的旺火期,且旺火期的室内空气ρ(总砷)与空气ρ(粉尘)呈显著正相关(R0.74,P<0.05).与土木结构相比,砖混结构房屋有助于减少燃煤释放到空气中的砷在不同房间之间的扩散;室内不同房间之间、室外不同地点之间以及室内外的空气ρ(总砷)差异主要表现在颗粒物粒径小于2.1 μm的部分;天气状况对室内空气ρ(总砷)随颗粒物粒径的分布没有明显影响.      

电化学微传感器检测水中痕量铜离子

为改善微电极在阳极溶出伏安法检测重金属离子过程中低电流响应和低电催化能力的缺点,提出了一种在碳纤维微电极表面合成还原氧化石墨烯/纳米金材料制得还原氧化石墨烯纳米金修饰碳纤维微电极（rGO/AuNPs CFMEs）的方法.通过SEM表征,所制备的rGO/AuNPs CFMEs具有比表面积高、吸附能力强和催化活性好的特点,因此改性微电极适合作为方波阳极溶出伏安法（SWASV）测定水中铜离子（Cu²⁺）的工作电极.在构建微传感器测试水中痕量铜离子系统后,对pH值、电导率、富集时间和富集电位等检测条件进行了优化.在pH值为4,电导率为36.1S/m,富集时间为360s,富集电位为-1.2V的最佳条件下,铜的线性范围和检出限分别0~1.0μmol/L和2.4nmol/L.此外,微传感器的可重复性、长期稳定性以及选择性也得到了验证.     

油库区域阴极保护技术应用分析

采用深井阳极技术对油库区内储罐、避雷接地体及地下管网进行区域阴极保护,并对阴极保护效果进行评价。     

地下水环境影响评价导则执行过程中遇到的问题及建议

对中国各地区地下水的水质情况进行了调查,分析了地下水环境管理和保护工作中的问题,指出地下水污染防治工作的重要性、迫切性。对《环境影响评价技术导则地下水环境》(HJ 610-2011)的工作等级划分、环境影响识别、环境现状调查、影响评价及污染防治等内容进行了简要介绍,汇总了评价导则执行后,对各类项目进行地下水评价过程中遇到的困难和问题,并在对各种问题进行分析的基础上,提出了有针对性的解决方法和建议。     

改性膨润土处理污水处理厂二级出水的实验研究

研究基于再生水回灌地下、补充地下水水源的目的,使用河南信阳某膨润土厂生产的钠基膨润土,通过酸改性、铝柱撑改性和微波-硫酸亚铁改性制得三种改性膨润土,用于处理城市污水处理厂的二级出水.实验结果显示,经XRD衍射分析可知,三种方法制备的改性膨润土,其矿物结构都有不同程度上的变化,膨润土层间距都较膨润土原矿有所增大,可见其改...     

吸附树脂负载铁酞菁催化降解硝基苯的研究

在可见光照射下,采用吸附树脂负载铁酞菁催化过氧化氢降解硝基苯.考察了光照、催化剂投加量、双氧水投加量、温度及pH值等因素对催化效果的影响.结果表明,在功率为50W卤钨灯照射下,硝基苯溶液初始质量浓度为200 mg/L,初始pH值为3,催化剂投加量为1.5 g/L,双氧水投加量为1.0 mL/L,温度为35℃下反应10h,硝基苯去除率可达到79.9％.     

Effects of metal and acidic sites on the reaction by-products of butyl acetate oxidation over palladium-based catalysts

Catalytic oxidation is widely used in pollution control technology to remove volatile organic compounds. In this study, Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts with different Pd contents and acidic sites were prepared via the impregnation method. All the catalysts were characterized by means of N2 adsorption- desorption, X-ray fluorescence （XRF）, HE temperature programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, and NH3 temperature programmed desorption （NH3-TPD）. Their catalytic performance was investigated in the oxidation of butyl acetate experiments. The by-products of the reaction were collected in thermal desorption tubes and identified by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. It was found that the increase of Pd content slightly changed the catalytic activity of butyl acetate oxidation according to the yield of CO2 achieved at 90%, but decreased the cracking by-products, whereas the enhancement of strong acidity over Pd-based catalysts enriched the by-product species. The butyl acetate oxidation process involves a series of reaction steps including protolysis, dehydrogenation, dehydration, cracking, and isomerization. Generally, butyl acetate was cracked to acetic acid and 2- methylpropene and the latter was an intermediate of the other by-products, and the oxidation routes of typical by-products were proposed. Trace amounts of 3-methylpentane, hexane, 2-methylpentane, pentane, and 2-methylbutane originated from iso4merization and protolysis reactions.     

Carbonyl emissions from heavy-duty diesel vehicle exhaust in China and the contribution to ozone formation potential

Fifteen heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested on chassis dynamometer by using typical heavy duty driving cycle and fuel economy cycle. The air from the exhaust was sampled by 2,4- dinitrophenyhydrazine cartridge and 23 carbonyl compounds were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The average emission factor of carbonyls was 97.2 mg/km, higher than that of light-duty diesel vehicles and gasoline-powered vehicles. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone and propionaidehyde were the species with the highest emission factors. Main influencing factors for carbonyl emissions were vehicle type, average speed and regulated emission standard, and the impact of vehicle loading was not evident in this study. National emission of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was calculated for China, 2011, based on both vehicle miles traveled and fuel consumption. Carbonyl emission of diesel vehicle was estimated to be 45.8 Gg, and was comparable to gasolinepowered vehicles （58.4 Gg）. The emissions of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 12.6, 6.9, 3.8 Gg, respectively. The ozone formation potential of carbonyls from diesel vehicles exhaust was 537 mg O3/km, higher than 497 mg O3/km of none-methane hydrocarbons emitted from diesel vehicles.