Comparison of inorganic chemical compositions of atmospheric TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 in northern and southern Chinese coastal cities

To compare the inorganic chemical compositions of TSP(total suspended paniculate),PM_(10)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 μm) and PM_(2.5)(particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) in southern and northern cities in China,atmospheric particles were synchronously collected in Dalian(the northern city)and Xiamen(the southern city) in spring and autumn of 2004.The mass concentrations,twenty-three elements and nine soluble ions were assessed.The results show that in Dalian,the mass concentrations of Mg,Al,Ca,Mn and Fe in spring were 4.0-10.1,2.6-8.0,4.1-12,1.2-3.6 and 2.9-7.9 times higher,respectively,than those in Xiamen.The dust storm influence is more obvious in Dalian in spring.However,in Xiamen,heavy metals accounted for 13.9%-17.9%of TSP,while heavy metals contributed to 5.5%-9.3%of TSP in Dalian.These concentrations suggest that heavy metal pollution in Xiamen was more serious.In addition,the concentrations of Na~+,Cl~-,Ca~(2+) and Mg~(2+) were higher in Dalian due to the influence of marine aerosol,construction activities and soil dust.The NO~(3-)/SO_4~(2-) ratios in Dalian(0.25-0.49) were lower than those in Xiamen(0.51-0.62),indicating that the contributions of vehicle emission to particles in Xiamen were higher.Coefficient of divergence values was higher than 0.40,implying that the inorganic chemical composition profiles for the particles of Dalian and Xiamen were quite different from each other.     

酸性矿山废水对稻田土壤微生物菌群结构的影响

为探究酸性矿山废水(AMD)对稻田土壤微生物群落结构的影响,通过取自矿区受AMD污染和未受污染的稻田土壤进行微宇宙灌溉模拟实验,研究了AMD污染过程中土壤理化性质和微生物群落的变化,同时建立环境条件变化引起土壤微生物群落结构改变的相关性关系.结果表明,受AMD污染的土壤中SO_4~(2-)、Cd、Zn含量显著上升,土壤酸化且土壤中细菌群落的多样性下降;而恢复清洁水灌溉可提高土壤细菌群落的多样性,有利于修复AMD的污染.采用高通量测序技术分析了不同处理稻田土壤中微生物群落在门和属分类水平上的相对丰度分布变化,冗余分析(RDA)表明,土壤pH和重金属(Pb、Cu)含量是影响稻田土壤微生物群落结构的主要环境因子.研究结果不仅有助于进一步揭示AMD污染、土壤因子与土壤微生物群落的相互关系,同时可为恢复AMD污染农业土壤提供理论依据.     

A review of neurotoxicity of microcystins

Cyanobacterial blooms-produced microcystins are secondary metabolites which can accumulate in the food chain and contaminate water, thus posing a potential threat to the health of aquatic animals and even humans. Microcystin toxicity affects not only the liver but also the other organs, i.e., the brain. The serious neurotoxicity effects caused by microcystins then lead to various symptoms. This review focuses on the neurotoxicity of microcystins. Microcystins can cross blood-brain barrier with the transport of Oatps/OATPs, causing neurostructural, functional, and behavioral changes. In this review, potential uptake mechanisms and neurotoxicity mechanisms are summarized, including neurotransmissions, neurochannels, signal transduction, oxidative stress, and cytoskeleton disruption. However, further researches are needed for detailed studies on signaling pathways and the downstream pathways of neurotoxicity of microcystins.     

Comparision of China’s volatile organic compound pollution management: a computable general equilibrium approach

The public health and ecological impacts of volatile organic compound (VOCs) pollution have become a serious problem in China, arousing increasing attention to emissions control. In this context, this paper analyses the effectiveness of VOC reduction policies, namely pollution charges and environmental taxes at the national and industrial sector levels. It uses a computable general equilibrium model, which connects macroeconomic variables with VOC emissions inventory, to simulate the effects of policy scenarios (with 2007 as the reference year). This paper shows that VOC emissions are reduced by 2.2% when a pollution charge equal to the average cost of engineering reduction methods – the traditional approach to regulation in China – is applied. In order to achieve a similar reduction, an 8.9% indirect tax would have to be imposed. It concludes that an environmental tax should be the preferred method of VOC regulation due to its smaller footprint on the macroeconomy. Other policies, such as subsidies, should be used as supplements.     

Pb-Laden CRT glass as classifying hazardous waste definition or exemption in landfill disposal in China

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Disposal of waste CRT glass is now an urgent environmental protection issue. We collected waste CRT glass from monochrome and color television...     

pH值对含砷水泥熟料制品中砷释放的影响

通过模拟煅烧实验制取水泥熟料,并制取混凝土样品。参照NEN-7375浸出方法,设定5种不同pH值的浸取液,研究了pH值对混凝土块中重金属As释放的影响。结果表明,浸取液的pH为2.0、3.5、5.0、7.35和10.0时,混凝土中As的观测累积释放量分别为0.0553、0.04253、0.0157、0.00939和0.0148 mg/kg;酸性范围内,观测累积释放量随着pH值的增大而减小,并在弱碱性条件下达到最小值,碱性范围内,随pH值的增大而呈增加的趋势。pH值对As的释放过程有影响,在前期,pH=2.0、3.5和10.0的浸取液中,释放曲线与斜率为0.5的直线拟合较佳,并且在1～4区间修正累积释放量曲线的斜率均在0.35～0.65范围内,其释放表现为扩散控制,而pH=5.0和7.35的浸取液中,则分别发生了表面冲刷作用和延滞现象;在中后期,pH=2.0的浸取液中,As的释放出现了耗竭现象,而pH=3.5和10.0则出现了溶解现象,pH=5.0和7.35则均为扩散控制。     

北京市朝阳区城市生活垃圾组分分布特性研究

针对垃圾焚烧的需要,按垃圾组分低位热值重新进行了垃圾分类,检验了各组分的正态分布特性,得出了服从正态分布的垃圾组分的概率分布密度函数。进行了垃圾含水率的线性相关性分析,认为垃圾含水率与厨余的相关性最大,降水量对含水率影响不大。     

环境规制对区域碳排放时空差异的影响——基于东北三省32个地级市的实证分析

基于2007-2016年东北三省地级市面板数据,结合夜间灯光指数核算地级市碳排放,运用基尼系数、莫兰指数、热点分析等方法,实证分析了不同环境规制对东北三省地级市碳排放的空间效应.结果发现:①区域碳排放总量、人均碳排放量、碳排放强度和单位面积碳排放量呈现正向空间自相关,碳排放的热点区域在相邻地区发生转移,且都有排放中心区...     

餐厨废物水热反应减重的关键影响因素及运行参数研究

运用水热炭化工艺,研究不同温度（170~270 ℃）、停留时间（0~100 min）、料液比（1∶1、1∶3、1∶9）对餐厨废物水热反应减重的影响,并对运行参数进行优化。结果表明：升高温度,餐厨废物的减重率也随之提高,且减重率均在91%以上;随着停留时间的延长,减重率在20~40和80~100 min时会有小幅度的增长,在0~100 min的停留时间内减重率从83.90%增至86.80%;料液比的增加会使减重率下降,料液比为1∶9、1∶3、1∶1时,对应的减重率分别为91.60%~91.87%、86.20%~87.00%、83.90%~88.10%。液相产物COD测定结果表明,反应温度和料液比是影响液相产物COD的主要因素,随着反应的进行,液相产物COD先是逐渐减小并趋于平稳,后略有增加。试验得到的水热炭高位热值为30.50~31.90 MJ/kg,高于国家标准煤热值29.30 MJ/kg。

     

天津市生活垃圾处理碳排放时间变化特征及影响因素

控制生活垃圾处理产生的温室气体已成为碳减排的重点方向之一。参考《省级温室气体清单编制指南（试行）》推荐方法核算了天津市2009—2018年生活垃圾处理碳排放量,分析碳排放时间变化特征,并采用改进Kaya恒等式和LMDI加和分解法的碳排放影响因素分解恒等式,分析天津市生活垃圾处理碳排放的影响因素。结果表明：2009—2018年天津市生活垃圾处理碳排放量呈现先降后增的趋势,碳排放量主要来自填埋处理;影响碳排放的因素中,经济产出效应（ΔY）对生活垃圾处理碳排放的驱动作用最大,碳排放强度效应（ΔCF）次之,生活垃圾排放强度效应（ΔWI）和生活垃圾处理结构强度（ΔWS）对碳排放具有负向作用。控制生活垃圾产生量、增加垃圾焚烧处理占比以及提高填埋场甲烷回收率是未来主要的减排方向。