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排序方式: 共有117条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
71.
72.
为评价由酸雨、酸性矿山排水等环境污染导致的水体酸化及水体重金属联合作用对水生生物的生态毒性效应,研究了不同pH值(pH=3、4、5、6、7和7.8)条件下Cu2+对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,酸性水体及Cu2+单一存在时,酸对斑马鱼胚胎24h半数效应浓度值EC50为pH=3.65,Cu2+(pH=7.8)对斑马鱼胚胎24h-EC50为0.267mg·L-1;当水体酸化及水体中的Cu2+共存时,较低的pH对Cu2+的生物毒性起协同作用,表现为随溶液pH的降低,各浓度Cu2+对斑马鱼胚胎的24h凝结率显著增高(P24h致死率=0.001),而斑马鱼胚胎96h孵化率显著降低(P96h孵化率=0.002),且不同浓度的Cu2+之间的生物毒性效应存在显著性差异(P24h致死率=0.0321;P96h孵化率=0.0028)。这说明酸性水体和Cu2+都显著影响斑马鱼胚胎的发育,且Cu2+在酸性水体中对斑马鱼胚胎的毒性显著增强。因此,在受重金属Cu2+污染的地区,如同时受到酸雨或酸性矿山排水等较低pH值和Cu2+的双重胁迫,较低浓度的Cu2+就能够对水生生物的生殖发育及水生生态系统产生严重的影响和危害。 相似文献
73.
74.
为获知呼和浩特市交通要道氮氧化物(NOx)污染现状,采用短期暴露扩散采样法,于2010年3月21至4月24日,在呼和浩特市区交通要道设置IN个采样点,对氮氧化物进行了监测并分析。实验结果为四个采样点的N0x浓度日平均值为0.012—0.14mg·m^-3,表明呼和浩特市交通要道附近氮氧化物浓度存在超标现象,有关职能部门应采取有效措施,防治NOx污染的发生。 相似文献
75.
Fahe Chai Zongshuang Wang Yufei Tan Min Guo Miaomiao Cheng Yanyue Gu Siyu Chen Xuefang Wu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):255-269
Ambient air quality standards are the core strategic goal of ambient air quality management. Countries worldwide have given importance to research on the development of ambient air quality standards. To understand the history of the development of China's ambient air quality standards, this study analyzed the background associated with all previous formulations and revisions of the standards, classification of functional areas, standard grading, pollutants, and evolution of the standard limits over the past 40 years. The results show that since the initial release of the “Ambient Air Quality Standard” by China in 1982, it has been supplemented once, revised twice, and modified twice. The first ambient air quality standard specified the standard limits of six pollutants commonly found in ambient air. With the development of ambient air quality management, the number of pollutants has increased to ten. Since the release of the “Ambient Air Quality Standards” in 2012, the ambient air quality in China has significantly improved. However, the proportion of cities meeting these standards is still low. At present, China is suitably positioned to make the standards associated with 24 hr SO2 concentrations more stringent such that it meets the values defined in the World Health Organization (WHO) interim target-2 and the WHO air quality guideline (AQG). We further suggested that the SO2 standard should be revised promptly. Simultaneously, regions with a relatively high proportion of cities meeting the standard are encouraged to introduce more stringent interim target limits in due course to manage the local ambient air quality. 相似文献
76.
Zhang Hongwei Ahmad Zulfiqar Shao Yalu Yang Zhonghua Jia Yufei Zhong Hua 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(9):10519-10535
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - As one of the low-impact development measures, bioretention plays an important role in reducing the runoff peak flow and minimizing runoff pollutants,... 相似文献
77.
Yufei Shi Jinju Geng Xiang Li Yuli Qian Hongzhou Li Liye Wang Gang Wu Qingmiao Yu Ke Xu Hongqiang Ren 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(6):220-228
The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) can significantly affect the degradation of target compounds by the advanced oxidation processes. In this study, the effects of the different hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity fractions, molecular weight (MW) fractions, fluorescence components and molecular components of DOM extracted from municipal wastewater on the degradation of 4 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), including carbamazepine, clofibric acid, atenolol and erythromycin by the UV/H2O2 process were investigated. The results showed that the degradation rate constants of 4 PhACs decreased dramatically in the presence of DOM. The linear regressions of 4 PhACs degradation as a function of specific fluorescence intensity (SFI) are exhibited during the degradation of 4 PhACs and the SFI may be used to evaluate effect of DOM on target compounds in wastewater. The hydrophobic acid (HPO-A) exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. The small MW fractions of DOM significantly inhibited the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. Among three fluorescence components, hydrophobic humic-like substances may significantly inhibit the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process. At the molecular level, the formulas may be derived from terrestrial sources. CHO compound may significantly inhibit the degradation of 4 PhACs during oxidation process on formula classes. The unsaturated hydrocarbons, carbohydrates and tannins compounds may significantly inhibit the effectiveness of the UV/H2O2 process on compound classes. 相似文献
78.
模板法与水热合成法制备了氧化锡/网状碳(SnO2/RCs)复合材料,以改善纯相氧化锡(SnO2)对印染废水的光催化处理效果.采用多种表征手段对所制备复合材料的微观结构、微观形貌、孔径分布和比表面积、光吸收性能、官能团以及光电性能进行了分析.通过可见光催化降解10 mg·L-1的罗丹明B溶液的实验评估了所制备材料的光催化性能和循环稳定性.结果表明,在可见光条件下,SnO2/RCs复合材料的光催化性能与纯SnO2相比有显著提升,并且具有良好的循环稳定性.自由基捕获实验表明复合材料在降解有机污染物的过程中起作用的主要活性基团为空穴,超氧自由基和羟基自由基.复合材料光催化性能提高的原因归纳为:(1)能带结构改善所引起的对可见光的吸收性能的提高;(2)高的比表面积为光催化降解反应提供了更多的活性位点;(3)氧化锡与网状多孔碳所形成的异质结,使得电子传输/迁移能力提高,抑制了光生电子-空穴对的复合. 相似文献
79.
选择典型废弃日用品塑料,对特征处置场景下其PBDEs的浸出特征及健康风险进行了评价.结果表明,日用品塑料在硫酸/硝酸、醋酸和腐殖酸溶液中达到溶出平衡时,∑21PBDEs释放量分别为20.00、63.65、125.60μg·kg-1,均以BDE209为主.进入生活垃圾填埋场的释放量高于堆存和简易填埋过程,在最不利条件下距填埋场下游500 m处地下水中PBDEs最大浓度为39.67μg·L-1,居民饮用地下水产生的非致癌风险指数为2.11×10-1,其中十溴代物(BDE209)的非致癌风险指数为1.85×10-1,均小于美国标准中非致癌的可接受风险水平(1.0),表明废旧日用品塑料可进入生活垃圾填埋场处置. 相似文献
80.
北京城市主干道降雨径流污染负荷分析 总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7
为了解城市主干道径流污染特征,于2018年6—9月对北京城市主干道降雨径流进行取样监测,运用EXCEL和SPSS软件统计分析径流污染物TSS、EC、COD、TN、TP、Zn和Ni之间的污染特性,并在此基础上估算污染物年污染负荷.研究结果表明,北京城市主干道径流水质为劣Ⅴ类;污染物浓度与降雨量、平均降雨强度、降雨历时和雨前干期长度存在一定的相关关系,依据冲刷作用与稀释作用的强弱变化,相关性有一定变化;用TSS和EC表征污染物在径流中的存在状态,发现COD、TN、Zn和Ni在径流中主要以溶解态存在,TP主要以颗粒吸附的形式存在;据实际监测数据估算,北京城市主干道年污染负荷TSS、COD、TN、TP、Zn和Ni分别为3273.15、266.86、16.24、1.89、0.097和0.008 kg·hm~(-2)·a~(-1).城市主干道径流污染特征研究可以为城市道路径流污染防控与管理提供科学依据. 相似文献