加压生物氧化法处理乙胺废水

用加压生物氧化实验设备处理乙基胺及异丙胺生产的工艺废水,进水ＣＯＤ１０００－３０００Ｍｇ／Ｌ设备ＣＯＤ容积负荷Ｆｖ为４－２３ｋｇ（ｍ＾３．ｄ）,经过２－６ｈＣＯＤ去除率为８５％－９５％,出水〈１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ,达到国家规定的排放标准。     

多种方法测量全国辐射环境监测质量考核样对比研究

介绍了有源效率刻度法及实验室γ谱无源效率刻度系统(LabSOCS)在样品活度浓度分析中的原理,利用多型号低本底高纯锗γ谱仪,通过生态环境部辐射环境监测技术中心(下称技术中心)提供的沉降物考核样品,进行了两种分析方法的对比分析,对LabSOCS软件可靠性进行验证并对比不同型号探测器性能.两种方法所得核素活度浓度结果与技术...     

不同价态Ce-MOF衍生材料的吸附除磷性能及机理比较

通过在N_2气氛中的热处理,从Ce-MOF中衍生出一系列多级的微/纳米铈基复合材料.Ce-MOF在空气中完全分解形成二氧化铈,价态由三价转变为四价.而在N_2中较低温度(400℃或500℃)下煅烧会形成稳定的部分热解的Ce-MOF(N),具有较高的Ce(Ⅲ)含量.与完全分解的产物相比,虽然完全分解的产物具有较高的比表面积,但是部分分解的样品对磷酸盐的吸附效果是完全分解产物的2—4倍.这种差异证明铈基材料的不同价态对除磷性能有显著影响,相比于四价铈离子,三价铈在与磷酸盐结合中起主要作用.与Ce-MOF(A)相比,Ce-MOF(N)是一种高Ce(Ⅲ)含量的铈基纳米材料,其饱和吸附容量为187.2 mg·g~(-1),吸附速度快,pH适用范围极广,为pH 2—12,并且在竞争阴离子存在下也对磷酸盐具有很高的选择性.与此同时,相比于常用的金属盐吸附剂,Ce-MOF(N)在碱性条件下具有明显增强的磷酸盐吸附能力.这是因为表面Ce(Ⅲ)的部分水解带来了更多的羟基,增加了磷酸根离子交换的活性位点.此外,通过分析FTIR、XPS、XRD和Zeta电位,Ce(Ⅲ)样品对磷酸根的吸附机理主要为静电吸引,离子交换和表面沉积,而对于完全分解的铈基材料Ce-MOF(A)静电吸引是主要机理.     

Determination of mineral contents of wild Boletus edulis mushroom and its edible safety assessment

This study aimed to determine the contents of main mineral elements of wild Boletus edulis and to assess its edible safety, which may provide scientific evidence for the utilization of this species. Fourteen mineral contents (Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Sr, V and Zn) in the caps and stipes of B. edulis as well as the corresponding surface soils collected from nine different geographic regions in Yunnan Province, southwest China were determined. The analyses were performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES) after microwave digestion. Measurement data were analyzed using variance and Pearson correlation analysis. Edible safety was evaluated according to the provisionally tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of heavy metals recommended by United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Mineral contents were significantly different with the variance of collection areas. B. edulis showed relative abundant contents of Ca, Fe, Mg and Na, followed by Ba, Cr, Cu, Mn and Zn, and the elements with the lower content less were Cd, Co, Ni, Sr and V. The elements accumulation differed significantly in caps and stipes. Among them, Cd and Zn were bioconcentrated (BCF > 1) while others were bioexcluded (BCF < 1). The mineral contents in B. edulis and its surface soil were positively related, indicating that the elements accumulation level was related to soil background. In addition, from the perspective of food safety, if an adult (60 kg) eats 300 g fresh B. edulis per week, the intake of Cd in most of tested mushrooms were lower than PTWI value whereas the Cd intakes in some other samples were higher than this standard. The results indicated that the main mineral contents in B. edulis were significantly different with respect to geographical distribution, and the Cd intake in a few of regions was higher than the acceptable intakes with a potential risk.     

镍对活性污泥生物除磷的影响及其机理

以实际生活污水为研究对象,在序批式活性污泥反应器中探究了Ni2+对活性污泥形态及生物除磷性能的影响。实验结果表明,Ni2+能够抑制生物除磷,当Ni2+质量浓度由0 mg/L增加至10.0 mg/L时,PO43--P去除率由93%下降至12%。机理研究结果表明：Ni2+能抑制聚磷微生物的厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷,并能抑制内聚物聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）的合成;当Ni2+质量浓度为10.0 mg/L时,PHA的最大含量仅为2.4 mmol/g （以单位质量挥发性悬浮物所含PHA中C的物质的量计）,远低于空白组中PHA的含量。此外,Ni2+还对微生物群落的组成产生影响,并促进活性污泥中聚糖微生物的增殖。     

Trace chemical partitioning in construction and demolition debris fines: process and market implications

Construction and demolition debris (CDD) fines, a residue generated from mechanized CDD recycling, can often be beneficially reused. Concentrations of chemicals of potential concern in CDD fines should be evaluated prior to being reintroduced into the environment to assess risk and make informed decisions about appropriate reuse opportunities. The distribution of trace chemicals in CDD fines as a function of particle size was measured to evaluate if concentrations in the bulk material can be reduced by removing certain particle size ranges through screening. Chemicals of potential concern, including arsenic, lead, sulfate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), were characterized in four different size fractions (19–4.8 mm, 4.8–0.84 mm, 0.84–0.3 mm, < 0.3 mm) of CDD fine samples collected from 12 US CDD recycling facilities throughout the US. Results revealed that aluminum, arsenic and chromium concentrations were distributed evenly throughout all four size fractions. As for the remaining chemicals, most samples had lower concentrations in the 19–4.8 mm size range. In some samples and for certain chemicals, removal of the finer size fractions reduced overall concentrations in CDD fines, suggesting that additional processing may be worth further investigation.     

Urban solid waste management in Chongqing: challenges and opportunities

The dual influences of the resource supply and protection in ecological environments will pose a significant challenge to China's sustainable development. Solid waste management offers opportunities to improve profits by conserving resources and improving environmental performance. This paper examines municipal solid waste (MSW) management in urban Chongqing, the nation's fourth largest municipality after Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin. In this paper, we will provide information on the quantity and composition of MSW, as well as give an overview of different methods for collection, transport, treatment and disposal of MSW. At present the daily amount of MSW generated per person is about 1.08 kg; food waste accounts for about 59% of total MSW. MSW in Chongqing has a higher moisture content (64.1%) and a lower LHV (3728 kJ/kg) than other cities in Asia, which is an obstruction for incineration. Landfills are the main method of disposal in Chongqing, but pollution caused by simple landfills and lack of backup MSW disposal capacity are becoming major problems in the main districts of Chongqing. In this paper, the challenges being faced and opportunities to MSW in Chongqing are analyzed and some suggestions are given for improving the MSW system in the future.     

双效混凝-兼性水解-SBR组合工艺处理印染废水的工程应用

针对印染废水色度大,有机物含量高,可生化性差,而且水量和水质变化大,水质成分复杂的特点,采用双效混凝兼性水解SBR组合工艺处理印染废水。运行结果表明,该工艺对CODCr、BOD5、SS、色度等均有很好的去除效果,出水水质满足纺织印染行业水污染物排放二级标准(GB428792)。     

浅谈房地产开发项目环境影响评价

房地产开发项目在推动城市经济和社会发展的同时,施工期和运营期产生的废水、废气、噪声及固废对城市及周围的环境造成不利的影响。因此,必须抓好房地产开发项目的环境影响评价工作。本文根据房地产开发项目的特点,阐述了房地产开发项目环境影响评价的内容及重点,还简单论述了绿色房地产评价的相关内容及建议。