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881.
湖南永吉高速公路建设的景观格局影响评价 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用遥感(RS)、全球定位系统(GPS)与地理信息系统技术(GIS),对湖南省永吉高速公路沿线建设前后的景观进行分类和制图,结合景观结构分析软件Fragstats33和景观生态学方法,从斑块和景观两个层次上研究高速公路建设前后景观格局的变化。结果表明:(1)斑块层次指数中,沿线除公路用地外各景观类型的面积均有所减少,257%的土地转换为公路用地,其中旱地面积减少最多,但是公路建设前后没有改变该区域的优势斑块类型;(2)景观层次指数中,斑块数目和斑块密度的增加与最大斑块指数的减少,都表明景观异质性增加;(3)不同缓冲区分析结果表明:高速公路建设对景观格局的干扰突出表现在距公路较近的500 m缓冲区内。本研究方法在未来路网规划与环境影响评价中具有一定应用前景 相似文献
882.
为探讨煤矿企业员工不安全行为影响因子的相互关系,基于行为安全模型,从管理者、班组长和一线员工3个角度进行分析,确定了对行为安全有关键影响的因子群。在此基础上,采用决策试验与评价实验室(DEMATEL)方法,研究构建行为影响因子之间的依赖关系矩阵,揭示安全投入程度、安全监管机构能力、安全处罚适当性等因子对员工行为方式的影响程度,并形成煤矿员工行为方式影响因子的四分图。结果表明:安全投入程度是煤矿员工行为方式的主要影响因子和原因因子,管理者行为影响因子均是其原因因子,管理者的行为方式对企业安全状况有较大影响。 相似文献
883.
884.
Jumin Hao Mei-Juan Han Songman Han Xiaoguang Meng Tsan-Liang Su Qingwu K. Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,36(10):152-162
Arsenic (As) is one of the most toxic contaminants found in the environment. Development of novel detection methods for As species in water with the potential for field use has been an urgent need in recent years. In past decades, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has gained a reputation as one of the most sensitive spectroscopic methods for chemical and biomolecular sensing. The SERS technique has emerged as an extremely promising solution for in-situ detection of arsenic species in the field, particularly when coupled with portable/handheld Raman spectrometers. In this article, the recent advances in SERS analysis of arsenic species in water media are reviewed, and the potential of this technique for fast screening and field testing of arsenic-contaminated environmental water samples is discussed. The problems that remain in the field are also discussed and an outlook for the future is featured at the end of the article. 相似文献
885.
Single and joint stress of acetochlor and Pb on three agricultural crops in
northeast China 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
In order to evaluate ecological risk of agrochemicals in agricultural environment, single and joint toxic effects of an important herbicide and a typical heavy metal on root elongation of crops were investigated. Seeds of the three crops including wheat (Triticum aestivum), Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekimensis) and soybean (Glycine max) as the main crops in northeast China were exposed to acetochior as a herbicide and lead (Pb) as a heavy metal using the pot-culture method, and meadow brown soil as one of the main soils distributed in northeast China was applied in the investigation. The results indicated that the interactive effects of the two pollutants on root elongation of the three crops were very complicated although they had markedly significant (P〈0.01) linear interrelationships based on the regression analyses. When the concentration of added Pb^2+ reached 200 mg/kg, acetochlor and Pb had an antagonistic effect on the inhibition of root elongation of the three crops. However, acetochlor and Pb had significantly (P〈0.05) synergic effects on the inhibition of root elongation when concentration of added Pb^2+ was up to 1000 mg/kg. At the low concentration of added Pb, joint toxicity of acetochlor and Pb was more dependent on the concentration of Pb. Among the three crops, wheat was the most sensitive to the toxicity of Pb and Chinese cabbage was the most sensitive to the toxicity of acetochlor. 相似文献
886.
887.
Peng Du Xing Li Yanling Yang Zhaoyang Su Hang Li Nan Wang Tingting Guo Tingting Zhang Zhiwei Zhou 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2019,31(8):82-92
To alleviate ultrafiltration(UF) membrane fouling, the pre-coagulation of poly-aluminum chloride(PACl) with the aid of chitosan(CTS) was conducted for synthetic humic acid–kaolin water treatment. Pre-coagulation of three molecular weights(MW) CTSs(50–190 kDa(CTSL), 190–310 kDa(CTSM) and 310–375 kDa(CTSH)) was optimized with slow-mixing speeds of 30, 60 and 90 r/min, respectively. The removal efficiency and floc properties as well as membrane fouling were analyzed, and were compared to results obtained by conventional coagulation with PACl. Results showed that variations in floc properties could be ascribed to the coagulation mechanisms of CTS_L/CTS_M/CTS_H at different slow-mixing speeds, resulting in reduced UF membrane fouling. Specifically, at the low speed of 30 r/min, all three CTS types produced flocs with similar properties, while CTSLresulted in the lowest removal efficiency and aggravated irreversible fouling. At the appropriate speed of 60 r/min, CTSMgenerated the most compact flocs with the combined effects of bridging and path mechanisms. The compact cake layer formed could alleviate irreversible fouling,which was beneficial for prolonging the operation of the UF membrane. At the high speed of90 r/min, CTSHformed fragile flocs and aggravated irreversible membrane fouling. We considered membrane fouling to be affected by floc properties and the resultant removal efficiency, which was governed by the MW of the CTS used and the slow-mixing speed applied as well. 相似文献
888.
Yanhui Zhao Qianqian Li Xue Miao Xinchen Huang Binke Li Guijin Su Minghui Zheng 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(5):174-183
Hexabromocyclododecanes(HBCDs),a new type of persistent organic pollutants widely used as brominated flame retardants,have attracted wide attention due to their increasing level and toxicity. A method based on high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry(HPLC–MS–MS)in electrospray ionization mode has been developed by optimization of various parameters,which effectively improved the separation degree and responsive intensity of α-,β-and γ-HBCD isomers. The concentrations and distribution profiles of three HBCD isomers were investigated in sediments from the Haihe River in China.It was observed that the concentrations of HBCDs varied in the range of 0.4–58.82 ng/g,showing a decreasing trend along the flow direction,possibly due to attenuation and biodegradation along the flow direction of the Haihe River. The distribution profile of α-,β-,γ-HBCD was 7.91%–88.6%,0–91.47%,and 0.62%–42.83%,respectively. Interestingly,α-HBCD dominated in most sample sites. This was different from the distribution profile in commercial industrial products,which might be attributed to the inter-transformation and different degradation rates of the three HBCD isomers. The potential ecological risk of HBCDs in sediment was characterized under the two-tiered procedure of the European Medicines Evaluation Agency for environmental risk assessment. Although the HBCDs in the selected section of the Haihe River presented "no risk" in the sediment compartment,its risk in sediment cannot be neglected since sediment is one of the important sinks and reservoirs of pollutants. 相似文献
889.
东部平原不同类型湖泊沉积物中有机磷的特征 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
以选自东部平原3种不同类型8个浅水湖泊的18个表层沉积物样品为研究对象,运用分级提取法,研究了沉积物中有机磷(OP)质量分数、形态及其分布状况,并探讨了OP组分与湖泊富营养化的关系. 结果表明:东部平原湖泊沉积物中w(OP)为65.2~539.2 mg/kg,占w(TP)的19.9%~40.6%,污染程度高的沉积物w(OP)高于污染程度较轻的沉积物. 沉积物中各形态有机磷主要以中活性有机磷(MLOP)与非活性有机磷(NLOP)为主,不同类型湖泊沉积物中各形态w(OP)顺序均为城市湖泊>大型养殖型湖泊>大型自然湖泊. 城市湖泊与养殖型湖泊以NLOP为主,其相对含量达到50%以上;而大型自然湖泊以生物有效性有机磷(LOP+MLOP)为主,其相对含量为54.6%~61.6%,表明沉积物中有机磷分布状况与湖泊污染程度和人类活动紧密相关. 酸提取有机磷质量分数〔w(HCl-Po)〕为10.5~200.9 mg/kg,在不同污染程度湖泊沉积物中差异明显,其和总有机磷(Po)的比值〔w(HCl-Po)/w(Po)〕与湖泊水质指标呈显著正相关(P<0.01),与沉积物w(TP),w(OP),w(LOP)及w(MLOP)也均呈显著正相关(P<0.01),即沉积物中的HCl-Po可能是湖泊水体磷的重要来源,沉积物中w(HCl-Po)/w(Po)可以反映湖泊的富营养化程度. 相似文献
890.
为探究广东省春季环境空气臭氧(O3)污染成因,选取2022年4月6—10日的一次典型污染过程,结合后向气流轨迹、潜在源贡献因子算法和权重轨迹分析法,较为全面地分析了本次污染过程的特征及传输对O3的影响.结果表明:本次污染范围涉及全省10个城市,污染前期江门市和中山市O3小时峰值浓度分别高达264μg·m-3和272μg·m-3,后期东莞市每日O3小时峰值均高于260μg·m-3.以清远市为代表性城市的分析表明,污染天日最大8 h平均O3浓度、氮氧化物(NOx)和挥发性有机物(VOCs)浓度平均值较非污染天分别升高10.8%、44.0%和168.0%.O3污染天呈高温、低湿的特点,O3浓度与温度的相关性在污染天显著增强.基于MIR值计算的O3生成潜势结果表明,与非污染天相比,污染天间、对-二甲苯、乙苯、邻二甲苯和甲苯对O 相似文献