Specific biotests to assess eco-toxicity of biodegradable polymer materials in soil

Eco-toxicity investigation of polymer materials was considered extremely necessary for their potential menace, which was widely use as mulching materials in agricultural. In this study, polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS) and synthetic biomaterials-Ecoflex and cellulose were applying into soil cultivated with two potential indicator plants species: oat (Avena sativa) and red radish (Raphanus sativum). Variety of chemical, biochemical parameters and enzyme activity in soil were proved as effective approach to evaluate polymers phytotoxicity in plant-soil mesocosm. The F-value of biomass, pH, heavy metal and electoral conductivity of Raphanus behaved significant different from T0. Significant analysis results indicated biodegradation was fast in PE than PS, besides, heavy metals were dramatically decrease in the end implied the plant absorption may help decrease heavy metal toxicity. The increase value at T2 of Dehydrogenase activity (0.84 higher than average value for Avena & 0.91 higher for Raphanus), Metabolic Index (3.12 higher than average value for Avena & 3.81 higher for Raphanus) means during soil enzyme activity was promoted by biodegradation for its heterotrophic organisms’ energy transportation was stimulated. Statistics analysis was carried on Biplot PC1 (24.2% of the total variance), PC2 (23.2% of the total variance), versus PC3 (22.8% of the total variance), which indicated phosphatase activity and metabolic index was significant correlated, and high correlation of ammonium and protease activity. Furthermore, the effects were more evident in Raphanus treatments than in Avena, suggesting the higher sensitivity of Raphanus to polymers treatment, which indicate biodegradation of polymers in Raphanus treatment has produced intermediate phytotoxic compounds.     

混凝和强化混凝对印染废水中锑(Ⅴ)的去除特性

印染废水中锑的排放标准日趋严格,是印染废水处理面临的新挑战.以混凝和强化混凝去除印染废水中锑(Ⅴ)为目标,发现聚硫酸铁(PFS)混凝剂对印染废水中锑(Ⅴ)的去除效率显著优于铁铝复配混凝剂和铝盐混凝剂,去除效率达97.4%,出水锑(Ⅴ)浓度可达4μg·L~(-1).酸性条件(低水解度)有利于PFS生成Fe(a)活性组分和静电吸引、锑(Ⅴ)迁移,且絮体颗粒较小,促进PFS混凝除锑(Ⅴ)效率;酸性条件下PFS除锑(Ⅴ)效率是中性条件的1.27倍,处理出水中锑(Ⅴ)浓度仅为中性条件的33.3%.PFS投加量与除锑(Ⅴ)效率符合反比例模型.在较高锑(Ⅴ)浓度下,提升PFS投加量可提高除锑(Ⅴ)效率,但在较低锑(Ⅴ)浓度下,提升PFS投加量对除锑(Ⅴ)效率的促进较小.PFS絮体回流与混凝沉淀串联或耦合可显著提升印染废水中锑(Ⅴ)的去除效率,其除锑(Ⅴ)效率分别是单一PFS混凝沉淀的1.14倍和1.32倍,可有效降低出水锑(Ⅴ)浓度并节约PFS投加量和减少污泥生成量.其中混凝-絮体回流耦合工艺中,最佳絮体回流比例为100%.     

水合肼中混入尿素后的非催化还原脱硝研究

在对比了尿素和水合肼(N2H4·H2O)选择性非催化还原(SNCR)脱除烟气中NOx温度特性的基础上,尝试将两者混合以降低SNCR脱硝反应的温度窗口.实验结果显示,水合肼有一中温区温度窗口(550～650℃),最佳温度在600℃左右,远低于尿素SNCR脱硝的温度窗口和最佳温度.对比尿素和水合肼在不同条件下混合后的脱硝规律发现,将部分水合肼用尿素替代后虽然脱硝效率有所下降,但维持了水合肼的中温脱硝特征,某些条件下甚至出现脱硝效率上升的现象;并且反应过程中无氨分解产生和逸出;而尿素单独使用时在此温区内则有氨逸出.研究还表明,将水合肼加入到尿素中并无有益效果.而当还原剂/NO的化学计量比(Normalized stoichiometric ratio,NSR)为2.0时,在水合肼中加入尿素,以16.7％的尿素N替代水合肼N,混合还原剂的峰值脱硝效率出现在530℃左右,并维持在单独使用水合肼时峰值的93.3％的水平;温度在503 ～ 567℃范围变化时,混合还原剂维持了可观的中温脱硝效率.研究表明,有望通过在水合肼中添加适量尿素以降低水合肼SNCR中温脱硝的成本.     

Taylor-Couette流场数值模拟及絮凝效果研究

通过流体力学中的Fluent软件模拟了Taylor-Couette反应器的速度矢量分布、湍动动能分布和有效能耗分布,同时实验研究了TaylorCouette反应器不同内筒转速下三氯化铁对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝效能.结果表明,内外筒环隙间存在亚微尺度的涡旋,当转速为30～60 r·min-时,涡旋形状闭合完整,相互分离,涡旋内部速度梯度较小,湍动动能k在0.00010 ～0.00023 m2·s-2的范围内,有效能耗ε在0.00057 ～0.00189 m2·s-3的范围内,絮凝效能达到最大(80％以上),湍动动能和有效能耗过大或过小均不利于形成完整闭合的涡旋,絮凝效能较差.     

平原河网型水源地水质改善的实践和思考——以嘉兴市石臼漾人工生态湿地工程为例

嘉兴市作为典型的平原河网地区,为解决河网型水源地水质微污染问题,探索建设石臼漾水厂水源人工生态湿地工程,成功改善了水源水质,保障了嘉兴市城乡居民饮用水安全,为平原河网地区采用人工湿地处理饮用水源提供经验。     

A fishy odor episode in a north China reservoir：Occurrence, origin, and possible odor causing compounds

A significant outbreak of fishy odor occurred in a reservoir located in Inner Mongolia, China, in the winter of 2011, and the odor rating, algal density and concentrations of some potential odorous compounds were monitored over a period of two months. The peak odor rating of the fishy odor was 7 according to flavor profile analysis. Among the dominant algal species （two diatom and one chrysophyte species） observed during the survey, the chrysophyte Dinobryon sp. was the most abundant species, with the peak density recorded at 88,520 cells/mL. Seven potential algal metabolites including heptanal, 2,4-heptadienal, 2,4-decadienal, nonanal, 2-octenal, 2,6- nonadienal and hexanal were detected. The principal component analysis result showed that n-hexanal, n-heptanal and 2,4-decadienal, possibly the metabolites of diatoms, and 2,4-heptadienal, possibly the metabolite of Dinobryon sp., might have contributed to the fishy odor episode. This study demonstrated that the fishy odor episode in this reservoir might be caused by the abnormal growth of chrysophytes and diatoms under the ice-cover.     

三亚市风景名胜区景观及视觉影响评价的初步探讨

作为海滨海岛类风景名胜区,目前三亚市风景名胜区的景观与视觉影响评价的现状令人担忧,存在着主要通过定性评价来简单评价其景观与视觉影响的问题,没有对其景观与视觉影响进行深入的定量分析.本文通过提出景观与视觉影响评价的基本概念、相互关系及进行视觉影响评价的相关步骤,采用俞孔坚教授提出的定量评价方法对三亚鹿回头公园旅游基础设施建设项目进行景观及视觉影响评价为实例,最终对三亚市旅游景点景观及视觉影响评价提出建议与展望.     

重庆园博园龙景湖的富营养化状态与水质分析

龙景湖位于重庆市北部新区园博园内,以自然降水为补给水源,在构建园博园景观、调节湖区小气候、改善周围生态环境、提供居民休闲等方面具有重要功能。为了及时掌握龙景湖水质变化情况,对水体中TN、TP、CODMn、Chla含量及水体透明度等进行监测分析,运用综合营养状态指数法对龙景湖营养状态进行评价。研究表明:龙景湖水体中TN、TP含量超标污染严重,Chla含量亦较高,其他指标处于正常景观用水范围内,水质总体处于轻度-中度富营养化范围。秋亭桥是全湖水质最差的地方。相关分析表明综合营养状态指数与透明度呈极显著负相关关系,与pH、溶解氧、CODMn、BOD5、Chla呈极显著正相关关系。开展监测以来,龙景湖水质明显恶化,治理工作刻不容缓,应从入湖污染源控制、湖水污染治理及管理工作三方面着手,采取综合治理措施。     

利用遗传算法反演皖中地区地壳速度结构

利用安徽数字地震台网2009～2012年记录的421条高质量近震纵波数据,建立层状介质模型,基于遗传算法对安徽中部地区(30.5～33.2°N,116～119.3°E)地壳一维速度结构进行反演,结果显示遗传算法能够较好的用于一维速度结构反演,同时得到该地区地壳平均厚度、地壳各层平均厚度及各层中P波平均速度,为进一步开展该地区基础研究提供一个合适的初始地壳模型。