Impacts of the Rising Opportunity Cost of Farm Labor on Agricultural Land Use Structure: Theory and Empirical Evidences

Nowadays the rising of opportunity cost of farm labor comes to the forefront of attention in China. In order to understand its impact on agricultural land-use structure, a theoretical framework of household economics is formulated drawn on Low’s model. Under the theoretical framework, the impact of the rising opportunity cost of on-farm on cropping structure is deduced in theory. And then, using statistic and survey data, taking mountain area of southern Ningxia as an example, the theoretical assumes are verified. The results show that the rise of opportunity cost of farm labor leads to less diversified cropping structure.     

复合酸化剂对电镀污泥中铬、铜的去除效果

以电镀加工厂产生的污水污泥作为主要研究对象,研究了柠檬酸、硝酸、过氧化氢为复合酸化剂,Fe3+为增效剂对电镀污泥中铬和铜的去除效果,考察了酸化剂的浓度、反应时间、摇床转速、污泥pH、Fe3+浓度等因素对污泥中重金属去除效率的影响。结果表明:在室温下,含0.15 mol/L柠檬酸、1.5%过氧化氢、0.25 mol/L硝酸的复合酸化剂与增效剂2.0g/L Fe3+溶液共同处理污泥,固液比为1∶10,以150 r/min的转速振荡4 h,对污泥中Cr的去除效率达到80.02%,Cu的去除效率可达到92.89%,使污泥中残留Cr、Cu含量均符合国家污泥农用标准。     

数字经济发展与区域环境质量改善——来自省级面板数据的证据

本文基于2011—2019年我国31个省级行政区的面板数据,探究了数字经济发展对区域环境质量的影响。研究发现,总体来说,数字经济对环境质量具有显著的改善作用;数字经济对环境质量的改善作用在2014—2019年显著,在中部和西部省份显著,在环境污染程度较高的省份显著。传导机制检验表明,经济规模扩张、产业结构优化及绿色技术创新在数字经济对环境质量的作用机制中发挥中介作用。进一步分析表明,政府竞争在数字经济对环境质量的改善作用中起着负向调节作用,制度环境在数字经济对环境质量的作用机制中发挥正向调节作用。因此,应高质量地推动数字经济发展、充分发挥数字经济的环境质量改善作用、匡正地方政府的竞争行为及努力营造良好的制度环境,以改善环境质量。     

Assessment of Traffic Noise Pollution from 1989 to 2003 in Lanzhou City

On the basis of the continuous traffic noise data observed at 142 sites distributed in 52 roads from 1989 to 2003, the characteristics of traffic noise and effect factors were analyzed through traffic noise indices, such as Lep, L10, L50, L90, TNI, and Pn. Our findings allow us to reach a number of conclusions as follows: Firstly, traffic noise pollution was serious, and its fluctuant characteristic was obvious, resulting in a great intrusion to public in Lanzhou City during last 15 years. Secondly, traffic noise made a distinction between trunk lines and secondary lines, west-east direction roads and north-south direction roads. Thirdly, spatial character and time rule of traffic noise were obvious. In addition, traffic volume, traffic composition, road condition, and traffic management were identified as the key factors influencing traffic noise in this city.     

The growth and Cu and Zn uptake of pakchois (Brassica chinesis L.) in an acidic soil as affected by chicken or pig manure

In a pot experiment, pig manure (PM) and chicken manure (CM) were applied to an acidic soil at application rates of 2%, 4% and 8% (W/W) to evaluate their effects on the growth, Cu and Zn uptake and transfer of five cultivars of pakchoi (Brassica chinesis L.). The results showed that alkaline manures significantly increased the biomass of pakchois, and also pH and electrical conductivity of the soil. Both 0.01 M CaCl2 and 1.0 M NH4NO3 salt solutions predict the Zn transfer from soil to pakchois well, but not for Cu. For the cultivar Siyueman, the transfer factors of Cu (or Zn) in the PM treatments were higher than that in the CM treatments. In our experiment the Cu and Zn concentrations in pakchois did not exceed the Chinese Food Hygiene Standard, but more attention should be paid to heavy metals risk on pakchois at lower soil pH and salt impairment by manures application.     

Preparation of porous carbon based on partially degraded raw biomass by Trichoderma viride to optimize its toluene adsorption performance

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are usually organic compounds with boiling point in the range of 50 to 260°C, pose a serious threat to...     

水体中悬浮颗粒物对总磷自动监测仪测试的影响

为保障自动监测数据的准确性,提升水质自动监测系统中水样前处理效果,对几种常用的预处理方式进行比较,分析了低浊度时预处理方式及颗粒物成分对总磷测试的影响,对比不同预处理方式对监测数值的影响、总磷自动监测仪测试数据与实验室监测测试数据的差异,减少水体中悬浮颗粒物对总磷自动监测仪测试的影响.     

珠江口湾区靠港船舶转用低硫油的成本与环境效益

船舶对区域大气污染的贡献备受关注.为控制船舶大气污染物排放,推进我国靠港船舶转用低硫油,以珠江口湾区为案例区,在利用统计分析法确定船舶辅机功率、靠港时间等关键参数的基础上,采用燃料动力法估算靠港船舶转用低硫油的经济成本与环境效益.结果表明:①珠江口湾区靠港船舶燃油消耗量大,2015年珠江口湾区船舶在靠港期间的总耗油量达31.35×104 t.②珠江口湾区靠港船舶转用低硫油的环境效益显著.2015年珠江口湾区大于3 000 DWT（载重吨）的靠港船舶转用w（S）（硫含量）为0.5%的燃油时,PM₁₀、PM_2.5、NO_x、SO_x排放量分别减少792.8、729.1、566.3、6 979.9 t;转用w（S）为0.1%的燃油时,PM₁₀、PM_2.5、NO_x、SO_x排放量分别减少835.3、792.8、1769.7、8 155.0 t.③靠港船舶转用低硫油会增加船东的成本.2015年珠江口湾区大于3 000 DWT靠港船舶都转用w（S）为0.1%的燃料油,因燃油价格差导致的额外成本为2.29×108元.在目前航运经济不景气的背景下,可通过财政补贴方式鼓励船东转用低硫油.参照深圳对靠港船舶转用低硫油的补贴政策,2015年大于3 000 DWT靠港船舶转用w（S）为0.5%的燃油时需补贴资金1.71×108元,转用w（S）为0.1%的燃油时需补贴资金2.29×108元.研究显示,靠港船舶转用低硫油能显著降低大气污染物排放,但转用低硫油需要船东承担一定的经济成本,政府应通过补贴等激励方式,逐步推进靠港船舶转用低硫油.      

光催化氧化法处理甲醛废水的研究

用二氧化钛作催化剂，对较低浓度甲醛废水进行了光催化氧化处理试验。研究了催化剂用量、溶液pH、甲醛初始浓度及外加氧化剂等因素对光催化氧化的影响。试验结果表明，增加催化剂用量可以显著增加反应速度，提高降解效率；增强溶液的酸性和碱性都可以加快甲醛的降解速度，且碱性条件更加有利；在试验浓度范围内，甲醛的起始浓度对其降解反应基本没有影响；外加氧化剂双氧水可以在没有紫外光条件下，很快将甲醛氧化。     

国内城市环境噪声污染研究进展

城市环境噪声污染是城市四大环境公害之一。是21世纪环境污染控制和人们关注的主要问题，也是环境工作者研究的主要课题之一。本文作者总结了我国学者在城市环境噪声监测点的优化。评价，预测，防治和危害等方面的研究。分析了我国城市环境噪声研究现状和存在的主要问题，并建议城市环境噪声应加强预测，微观单元等方面的研究工作。