负压气力输送在干混砂浆生产中的应用

在干混砂浆生产中,负压气力输送用于输送水泥、粉煤灰等粉料,具有设备简单、布置灵活和防止粉尘污染等优点。阐述了负压气力输送的组成及主要部件,并介绍负压气力输送设计流程。以生产中输送粉煤灰为例,进行了负压气力输送设计计算。总结相关优化措施,提出编制可视化软件和运用计算机辅助设计,实现输送参数的优化,有利于降低能耗,提高经济效益。     

Characterization of saccharides and other organic compounds in fine particles and the use of saccharides to track primary biologically derived carbon sources

A total of 134 aerosol samples (d_p < 2.5 μm) were collected at one rural site and one urban site in Texas from November 2005 to July 2006 to investigate the different sources that contribute to the ambient levels of different compounds. In particular, saccharide compounds were studied as potential tracers to track aerosols of biologically derived origin. The ambient concentration, seasonal variation, and urban/rural comparison of major saccharides and other organic compounds including normal alkanes, hopanes, and carboxylic acids were determined and analyzed relative to characterizing sources of PM2.5. Saccharides, together with other known molecular markers, were analyzed by a positive matrix factorization model and eight source factors were isolated that provide meaningful interpretation of aerosol sources. Three isolated factors were characterized by the dominance of different saccharide compounds and were attributed to wood smoke, sucrose rich bio-aerosols, and fungal spore derived bio-aerosols. It was estimated that wood smoke and primary biologically derived carbon sources contributed 22% and 14% to the measured ambient PM2.5 mass at San Augustine and 16% and 5% to the measured ambient PM2.5 mass at Dallas. The relative PM contribution from other resolved sources were also calculated.     

基于地理因子的因旱饮水困难人口快速评估模型——以云南省2012年大旱为例

农村群众饮水困难一直是国家持续关注的问题,保障受旱灾区人民群众基本生活是重中之重。准确地预测因旱饮水困难人口的发生发展,并采取适当的减灾措施,将很大程度地降低经济损失与人员伤害。以2012年云南大旱为例,在全面收集研究区气象、基础地理信息、社会经济、灾情等资料的基础上,基于BP人工神经网络构建因旱饮水困难人口快速评估模型。以月均降水量、地形高程、水系密度、总人口、路网密度和GDP为网络输入,以因旱饮水困难人口数量为网络输出,选择30个受灾县样本进行网络训练,经试算不断优化模型参数,其MSE为0.003 6;通过训练好的模型来预测剩余55个受灾县的因旱饮水困难人口,其模拟值与实际值的线性拟合结果 R2为0.67,表明BP人工神经网络方法能有效预测因旱饮水困难人口,该方法能够为因旱饮水困难人口的快速评估和灾情的核查提供有效的借鉴。     

微电解法预处理咖啡因生产废水及机理研究

采用微电解法预处理咖啡因生产废水,考察了进水pH、反应时间、进水浓度、铁炭比等因素对废水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明;进水为pH3、反应时间为60min、原水进水(COD16585mg/L,BOD53814mg/L,ρ(氨氮)640mg/L)、铁炭比(堆积体积比)为1∶1时,废水的COD去除率为46.8%,氨氮去除率为62.6%,脱色率为93.5%,并对重金属有良好的去除效果。气相色谱-质谱分析结果表明,微电解可以将废水中的含氮杂环物质转化为胺类和脲类等链状易生物降解的小分子物质。     

灾害风险感知研究方法与应用综述

阐述了风险感知的基本内涵、影响因素以及主流的研究方法,总结了风险感知研究方法的最新发展,归纳了近年来国内外灾害风险感知相关理论研究和实证研究,并对灾害风险感知研究的发展趋势进行了展望,提出了未来灾害风险感知研究中应当完善的问题。     

电絮凝过程处理含铬废水的工艺及机理

以六价铬废水为处理对象,采用电絮凝过程研究了槽电压、初始浓度、初始pH值、电极材料等工艺参数对电絮凝过程分离Cr(Ⅵ)离子效率的影响机理。结果表明,采用Fe/Fe电极,对初始浓度为105 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)离子废水,最优槽电压为4 V,初始pH值为6,电解60 min,去除率可达到98.84%。Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率随着槽电压的升高而增大,随着初始浓度以及初始pH值的增加而减小。研究发现,初始pH值决定电絮凝过程中Cr(Ⅵ)的主要去除方式,在偏中性范围内Cr(Ⅵ)主要通过絮体吸附作用去除。对不同电极材料的电絮凝过程电解产生的絮体进行了初步分析,结果表明,絮体成分因电极不同而异,不同絮体对重金属离子吸附能力的差异也较大。     

PC/硅氧烷复合材料的阻燃抑烟机理研究

聚碳酸酯(PC)作为性能优异的工程塑料被广泛用于高铁、飞机等特殊领域,但其燃烧时热释放及产烟量较大,故对其进行抑烟阻燃改性便尤为重要.通过将商用有机硅阻燃剂与抗滴落剂复配制备PC复合材料,证明在添加3 wt％ 的有机硅阻燃剂后即可使PC达到V0级,LOI上升至34.5％,热释放速率峰值下降58.86％,烟及CO2释放速...     

Mechanistic insights into sequestration of U(VI) toward magnetic biochar: Batch, XPS and EXAFS techniques

The magnetic iron oxide(Fe_3O_4) nanoparticles stabilized on the biochar were synthesized by fast pyrolysis of Fe(II)-loaded hydrophyte biomass under N_2 conditions. The batch experiments showed that magnetic biochar presented a large removal capacity(54.35 mg/g)at pH 3.0 and 293 K. The reductive co-precipitation of U(VI) to U(IV) by magnetic biochar was demonstrated according to X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis. According to extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis, the occurrence of U-Fe and U-U shells indicated that high effective removal of uranium was primarily inner-sphere coordination and then reductive co-precipitation at low pH. These observations provided the further understanding of uranium removal by magnetic materials in environmental remediation.     

镇江市老城区不同功能区地表灰尘重金属污染评价

通过采集江苏省镇江市老城区的交通区、大市口广场、江滨公园、商业区、居民区、文教区等不同功能区地表灰尘共54个样品,对其Cu、Pb、Zn、Ni、Cr、Cd、Mn 7种重金属进行分析测定.结果表明,交通区Cu、Ni、Cr、Mn、Cd的平均含量要明显高于其它功能区,Zn的含量在文教区最高,Pb的含量在居民区最高.地累积指数评价表明交通区、文教区两个功能区中Cd达偏重度污染,文教区中Zn也达偏重度污染;潜在生态风险评价结果表明,交通区、大市口广场、文教区3个功能区的潜在生态风险指数均为中等生态危害;江滨公园、商业区、居民区3个功能区的潜在生态风险指数均为轻微生态危害.