不同接种量对蓝藻水华生消的影响探讨

通过构建微宇宙模型,以铜绿微囊藻为供试藻种模拟蓝藻水华生消过程.在控制光照、温度等环境条件和氮磷等营养物质含量条件下,重点研究不同接种量对蓝藻水华生消模拟的影响.结果表明,微宇宙模型中蓝藻生长经过延滞期、对数期到稳定期直至衰退期,符合野外湖库水华生消特征;不同藻液接种量对水华生消影响较大,当接种量为1:50时有利于微宇宙模型中蓝藻水华的发生.水华生消机制复杂,控制污染源、加强管理是防止水华暴发的较好措施.     

改性镁铝水滑石对黑臭水体中磷的去除效果研究

通过采样和调研江苏省盐城市、扬州市不同程度治理的黑臭水体,分析其水质及磷赋存特征,选用对磷酸盐高效吸附的镁铝水滑石,开展了改性水滑石对黑臭水体中磷的吸附行为研究.结果表明：①调研的黑臭水体中44%水样磷浓度超过《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅴ类水标准限值,易发生水华等次生灾害,控磷减磷措施十分必要;②在黑臭水体pH值范围内,pH值对改性水滑石吸附磷的影响较小,改性水滑石的磷吸附量随初始溶液中磷的浓度升高而增大,其吸附动力学过程更符合准二级动力学方程;③在黑臭水体采集水样中,改性水滑石依然表现出较好的磷吸附能力,磷酸盐去除率达到了94.4%,可以有效削减黑臭水体中磷污染程度.     

镇江市老城区不同功能区街道灰尘中重金属污染的粒径分布及来源解析

在镇江市老城区的6个功能区(商业区、交通区、居民区、文教区、江滨公园、大市口)布设采样点,测定了街道灰尘样品中所含的7种重金属的含量,分析了街道灰尘中重金属污染的粒级效应;并基于主成分分析法对重金属的来源进行了解析.结果表明,总体来说,镇江市老城区街道灰尘中的重金属污染显示出明显的粒级效应,随灰尘粒径减小,重金属含量呈明显的递增趋势;镇江市老城区街道灰尘中的重金属来源有:(1)交通污染源,特征元素为Cu、Zn、Pb;(2)生活污染源,特征物质为有机质;(3)工业污染源,特征元素为Ni、Mn、Cr;(4)自然沉降源,即与成土母质的地质背景有关的土壤颗粒的再悬浮或迁移;(5)建筑废弃物及土壤扬尘,或是由几者产生的混合污染.     

Activation of cadmium under simulated solar illumination and its impact on the mobility of Cd in flooded soils

In waterlogged paddy soils, cadmium (Cd) can be precipitated as cadmium sulfide (CdS) under reductive environment, thereby limiting the absorption of Cd by plants. Multiple environmental factors (such as water, pH, and Eh) played a role in the control of Cd mobility and bioavailability. In this study, we investigated the influence of the solar irradiation on the photodissolution of synthetic CdS-montmorillonite composites (CdS-M) in solution and the stability of Cd in natural soil. The release kinetic of Cd²⁺ showed that after the irradiation of simulated sunlight, CdS-M composites became less stable compared to the dark control. The solar irradiation seemed to enhance the release of Cd²⁺ from CdS significantly and continuously. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching experiments confirmed that the photogenerated holes, ?O₂^? and ?OH, were possibly involved in the photo-induced release of Cd²⁺, while the holes was primarily responsible for the reaction. Irradiation under alkaline solution or the presence of DOM, PO₄^3?, CO₃^2?, and urea markedly inhibited the photodissolution process of CdS. The photo-mediated activation of Cd was further confirmed in paddy soil under natural sunlight, with a nearly threefold increase in concentration of extractable Cd during the 15 days of irradiation. This study highlights the importance of photochemical transformation of Cd in the environmental water and soil.