循环经济在生态工业园区建设中的实际应用——以沈阳西部工业走廊为例

从沈阳市建设西部生态工业走廊的实际出发,提出了运用循环经济理念,实现沈阳市西部生态工业走廊中先进装备制造、化工、冶金、建材四个园区内各个企业内部、各园区企业之间、四个园区之间的物质集成、水和能量的梯级使用与信息集成,以及资源减量化、废物资源化的目标,为沈阳市西部生态工业走廊建设提供了有益的意见和建议。     

再论含金硫化物矿物中能否存在负价金问题──答李九玲等同志

本文从讨论金属结合能何以具有表面化学位移的原因开始,从金属团簇的一般性质出发,论证了金属结合能自尺寸大于1nm的团簇到金属微粒再到块体金属具有连续过渡性;金属结合能与粒径R呈正相关;与1／R具线性负相关关系,认为金微粒或团簇具有1．1eV以上的结合能负位移是可能的。并指出李九玲等同志在“评<含金硫化物矿物中不可能存在负价金>”一文中引用的某些衬底材料上的金团簇呈现结合能正位移的数据是由于这些金困簇已与其衬底材料发生了键合作用造成的,它们不能作为否定金属结合能位移与粒径呈正相关的依据。同时,笔者从“化学结合金”在氰化过程中并未被氧化成正离子金判断,它不应是负价金。并由同质并能位移与粒径可具负相关关系推论,“化学结合金”应是合企硫化物矿物中可存在的少量微粒碲金矿、碲金银矿等中的正离子金。笔者强调在讨论企的价态问题时应采用Allred－Rochow电负性数据而非常用的Pauling电负性数据,并再次指出含金硫化物矿物中不可能有负价金存在。     

性能退化对民机巡航阶段污染物排放的影响研究

发动机性能退化将会影响污染物排放,以往污染物排放估算模型未充分考虑性能退化对排放量的影响.因此本文对原有污染物估算模型进行修正,将民机实际运行中表征发动机健康状态的主要参数EGT作为特征量融入到污染物排放估算模型中,提出改进的形成氧化法以及P3-T3方法,定量估算性能退化对污染物排放的影响.使用GE90-115B发动机历史QAR数据,计算航空发动机处于不同健康水平下的巡航阶段污染物排放特性.研究结果表明：航空发动机性能退化将会显著影响巡航阶段污染物排放特性.其中,性能退化严重时航空发动机CO、UHC以及黑碳的巡航阶段平均排放指数较健康状态时分别升高87.52%、247.76%以及19.68%,而NO_x的平均排放指数则下降55.33%.因此在对性能退化的发动机进行污染物评估时必须考虑性能退化的影响.     

厌氧氨氧化微生物的吸附、包埋固定化效果初探

以活性炭、陶瓷生化环、陶瓷生化球、珊瑚砂、火山石和生化棉为吸附固定化载体,以海藻酸钠(SA)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)制成的SA、PVA、PVA-SA和PVA-SA-活性炭小球为包埋固定化载体,研究了厌氧氨氧化微生物固定化的脱氮效果.结果表明,吸附固定化的大部分处理和包埋固定化的部分处理均能维持较高的厌氧氨氧化活性.吸附固定化脱氮效率优于包埋固定化,其中,活性炭吸附固定化脱氮效果最好,初期可以提高活性达30%以上.通过对活性炭吸附固定化的中长期连续运行监测发现,活性炭固定化第6次反应过程的厌氧氨氧化活性是对照的3.5倍.因此,活性炭吸附固定化还具有稳定持续的中长期效应,不失为一条有效提高厌氧氨氧化活性的固定化途径.     

WCDMA基站电磁辐射对周围环境的影响分析

随着移动通讯技术的发展,人们在享受移动通信技术带来的便捷服务同时,也在担忧通信基站产生的电磁辐射对人体健康的影响。采用选频监测仪器,对WCDMA基站在正常工作状态和最大发射功率状态下天线轴向不同距离上的功率密度进行监测,并通过理论计算进行验证,分析WCDMA基站对周围环境的影响。     

铜、镉在颗粒物上吸附的结合态平衡模式

本文利用化学试剂逐级提取法测得颗粒物上各结合态吸附等温线,初步建立了沉积物和土壤对铜、镉离子吸附时包含pH和温度变量的各结合态的平衡模式,运用该模式对同类条件下的金属结合态分布及相对结合能力的变化进行了计算预测。     

Annual variations of odor concentrations and emissions from swine gestation, farrowing, and nursery buildings

To obtain annual odor emission profiles from intensive swine operations, odor concentrations and emission rates were measured monthly from swine nursery, farrowing, and gestation rooms for a year. Large annual variations in odor concentrations and emissions were found in all the rooms and the impact of the seasonal factor (month) was significant (P < 0.05). Odor concentration was low in summer when ventilation rate was high but high in winter when ventilation rate was low, ranging from 362 (farrowing room in July) to 8934 (nursery room in December) olfactory unit (OU) m(-3). This indicates that the air quality regarding odor was significantly better in summer than that in winter. Odor emission rate did not show obvious seasonal pattern as odor concentration did, ranging from 2 (gestation room in November) to 90 (nursery room in April) OU m(-2) sec(-1); this explains why the odor complaints for swine barns have occurred all year round. The annual geometric mean odor concentration and emission rate of the nursery room was significantly higher than the other rooms (P < 0.05). In order to obtain the representative annual emission rate, measurements have to be taken at least monthly, and then the geometric mean of the monthly values will represent the annual emission rate. Incorporating odor control technologies in the nursery area will be the most efficient in reducing odor emission from the farm considering its emission rate was 2 to 3 times of the other areas. The swine grower-finisher area was the major odor source contributing 53% of odor emission of the farm and should also be targeted for odor control. Relatively positive correlations between odor concentration and both H2S and CO2 concentrations (R(2) = 0.58) means that high level of these two gases might likely indicate high odor concentration in swine barns.     

基于改进RPS的共因失效模型及在安全仪表系统中的应用研究

基于安全仪表系统共因失效机理的定性分析,在单一冲击下的RPS模型基础上,以泊松分布作为冲击的先验分布,建立了多冲击下考虑共因失效的安全仪表系统可靠性模型;采用基于专家经验和估计的方法,对模型参数进行估计;并通过定量分析确定出影响系统共因失效的最大冲击因子,为降低系统共因失效对可靠性的影响提供辅助决策支持。将改进的多冲击RPS模型的可靠性分析结果与β模型和PDS模型进行比较,验证了该模型的工程准确性。     

Comprehensive Assessment and Promotion Policy of Producer Services’ Competitiveness in Beijing City:A Comparative Analysis among Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen

The five central cities-Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Guangzhou and Shenzhen-of the three most important strategic regions in China,namely Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei metropolitan region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta,are taken as a comparative analysis on urban producer services’ competitiveness,especially focusing on the comparative advantages and disadvantages of producer services in Beijing.Firstly,based on an integrated indicator system including one objective hierarchy,four standard hierarchies and 35 indicator hierarchies,the study applies factor analysis model and analytic hierarchy process model reformed by entropy technology to measure the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services in the above five cities.Secondly,Beijing has comparative advantages of capital resource,industrial base,scientific research resource and market scale,since it takes the first place of the five cities in the comprehensive competitiveness of producer services,the competitiveness of industrial development,business environment and living environment,only inferior to Shanghai in the competitiveness of talent capital.Thirdly,Beijing has comparative disadvantages in the level of producer services development,urban innovation capability and living environment.Finally,five proposals are put forth to enhance the competitiveness of producer services in Beijing,namely perfecting the system of laws and statutes,supporting the development of industry association,implementing scientific development planning,introducing preferential fiscal and taxation policies and strengthening human capital reserve.