高原退化湿地纳帕海植物多样性格局特征及其驱动力

对滇西北纳帕海湿地不同退化演替阶段的植物群落结构特征及多样性格局的研究结果表明:纳帕海共有植物115种,隶属38科、82属,植物群落15个,包括3个沉水植物群落、2个浮叶植物群落、6个挺水植物群落、4个草甸群落。其中原生沼泽有湿地植物25种,隶属16科、17属,3个沉水植物群落、2个浮叶植物群落;沼泽化草甸有湿地植物35种,隶属19科、26属,6个挺水植物群落;草甸有湿地植物64种,隶属28科、55属,4个草甸群落;垦后湿地仅有农作物4种,隶属4科、4属。随着原生沼泽、沼泽化草甸向草甸、垦后湿地的退化演替,植物群落伴生种增多,优势种的优势度明显下降,群落结构逐渐变得复杂;原生沼泽、沼泽化草甸植物群落分布面积萎缩,草甸、垦后湿地面积不断增大;物种丰富度与多样性指数随原生沼泽、沼泽化草甸、草甸的退化演替而逐渐增加,草甸植物物种丰富度、多样性指数最大,而垦后湿地为最低值。纳帕海植物多样性格局特征是对不同人为干扰强度与类型的响应,当前影响植物多样格局的驱动力主要是排水垦殖、无序旅游、过度放牧和周边森林的破坏等人为生产活动。     

铁氧化物/壳聚糖复合纳米纤维的制备及吸附五价砷研究

采用高压静电纺丝方法,制备了新型铁氧化物/壳聚糖复合纳米纤维砷吸附剂.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察结果显示,该纳米纤维的平均直径为(158±24)nm.X射线衍射谱图(XRD)表明,该纳米纤维为无定形结构.所制备的吸附剂在弱酸性或中性条件下对砷吸附率大于93%;吸附速率快,100 min内可达到吸附平衡;吸附剂对低浓度砷有很强的吸附亲和力,可将初始浓度为750μg·L-1的砷降低到10μg·L-1以下的安全饮用水水平;中性条件下吸附砷的最大容量为7.1 mg·g-1,吸附等温线符合Freundlich模型;有机质对吸附的影响较小;吸附剂可用低浓度Na OH洗脱再生.研究结果表明,该吸附剂制备方法简单,易分离再生,在饮用水除砷领域有较好的应用前景.     

原油挥发气排空的危害及对策研究

大量的原油挥发气一直都被排放到大气中 ,既浪费了能源 ,也污染了环境。本文在分析了排空的巨大危害之后 ,对回收方法进行了探讨 ,提出了利用匹配式多级喷射器进行回收的有效方法。     

石化行业安全仪表系统及其安全完整性等级确定方法

介绍了石化行业安全仪表系统及其安全完整性等级确定方法,并对方法的应用范围进行了说明。     

赤铁矿对砷的吸附解吸及氧化特征

采用等温吸附热力学的方法,研究了赤铁矿(α-Fe2O3)对三价砷离子的吸附和氧化特征,以及温度、pH值等因素对吸附和氧化效果的影响.研究结果表明,Langmuir方程可以很好地表述吸附量与初始三价砷离子浓度的关系(R2=0.9939);随着初始砷离子浓度的增大,溶液中As(V)的浓度(氧化量)也逐渐增大,然而氧化率却随着初始砷离子浓度的增大而减小;35℃条件下的吸附量和吸附率、氧化量和氧化率都比25℃时大,表明升高温度有利于赤铁矿对砷离子的吸附和氧化作用.溶液酸度对于As(Ⅲ)的吸附和氧化有着不同的影响,在pH<8时,吸附量和吸附率随pH上升而增加,在pH=8时达到最大,随后随pH上升而减小;当pH低于6.0时,随着pH的增加As(Ⅲ)氧化量、氧化率逐渐增大,而当pH高于6.0时.随着pH增加As(Ⅲ)氧化量反而降低.最大氧化量出现在pH=6.0处.     

呋喃丹对植物幼苗生长和生理过程的影响

将不同剂量的呋喃丹施入棉花、玉米、小麦及水稻幼苗进行水培试验。结果表明,当呋喃丹浓度≤10ppm时对作物均无影响;对棉苗的生长和玉米叶片叶绿素形成有促进作用;对玉米离子外渗、TTC还原力和LDR无影响。盆栽试验施入75kg/ha。(折算,3％含量)以下的呋喃丹对棉苗的生长、离子外渗和光合速率均无影响。实验结果证明,呋喃丹对作物毒性低,在一般田间施用量下,对作物生长和某些生理功能无不良影响。     

Effect of the ultraviolet/chlorine process on microbial community structure,typical pathogens,and antibiotic resistance genes in reclaimed water

• UV/chlorine can effectively remove VBNC pathogens, ARGs and MGEs in reclaimed water. • Microbial community was changed with reduced diversity during UV/chlorine process. • CRBs-carried MGEswere the predominant groups during UV/chlorine process. • No direct co-selection strategy was shared between UV/chlorine and resistome. Urban wastewater contains a wide range of pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which are a serious concern if reusing treated wastewater. However, few studies have explored the microbial communities in reclaimed water using ultraviolet (UV)/chlorine treatment and assessed the changes of the resistome. This study investigated the occurrence of typical pathogens, ARGs, and bacterial communities in UV/chlorine-treated reclaimed water samples. The numbers of culturable and viable but non-culturable pathogens were effectively reduced to 0 CFU/mL within 1–10 and 10–30 min after UV/chlorine treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, the physicochemical indices of water quality were not affected. UV/chlorine treatment could significantly change the bacterial community structure of reclaimed water, showing a decrease in bacterial abundance and diversity. Chlorine-resistant Acinetobacter and Mycobacterium were the dominant bacterial genera (>50%) after UV/chlorine treatment. Moreover, the number of ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) decreased with an increase in UV/chlorine exposure. However, eight ARGs and three MGEs were consistently detected in more than three seasons, making these major concerns because of their potential role in the persistence and dissemination of antibiotic resistance. Overall, the results of this study suggest that UV/chlorine treatment can potentially improve the microbiological safety of reclaimed water. And more attention should be paid to the pathogens that are both chlorine-resistant and carry MGEs because of their potential for resistance transmission.     

Non-thermal plasma treatment of Radix aconiti wastewater generated by traditional Chinese medicine processing

The wastewater effluent from Radix aconiti processing, an important step in the production processes of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is a type of toxic wastewater and difficult to treat. Plasma oxidation methods have emerged as feasible techniques for effective decomposition of toxic organic pollutants. This study examined the performance of a plasma reactor operated in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) to degrade the effluent from R. aconiti processing. The effects of treatment time, discharge voltage, initial pH value and the feeding gas for the reactor on the degradation of this TCM wastewater were investigated. A bacterium bioluminescence assay was adopted in this study to test the toxicity of the TCM wastewater after non-thermal plasma treatment. The degradation ratio of the main toxic component was 87.77% after 60 min treatment with oxygen used as feed gas and it was 99.59% when the initial pH value was 8.0. High discharge voltage and alkaline solution environment were beneficial for improving the degradation ratio. The treatment process was found to be capable of reducing the toxicity of the wastewater to a low level or even render it non-toxic. These experimental results suggested that the DBD plasma method may be a competitive technology for primary decomposition of biologically undegradable toxic organic pollutants in TCM wastewater.     

秦岭、巴山地区山地自然灾害综合研究──以陕西柞水踩玉河流域山地自然灾害为例

本文讨论了在秦岭、巴山地区开展山地自然灾害综合研究的有关问题．并通过陕西柞水踩玉河流域的现场考察，总结研究了该流域洪水、滑坡、泥石流等山地自然灾害的主要特征，致灾原因以及防御对策等。本文对试图用科学的方法减轻山地自然灾害作了有益的探讨。     

Combined effects of air pollution in adulthood and famine exposure in early life on type 2 diabetes

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Famine exposure or air pollution is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, their combined effects on T2DM remain largely unknown. A total...