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81.
Summary The Yellow River is renowned for its life-endangering floods, a problem augmented by the continuous heavy siltation of its lower flood plain. Major dam and reservoir projects have both positive and negative environmental impacts, and their construction requires careful environmental consideration. This paper outlines the key findings of environmental impact assessment reports related to the Xiaolangdi Yellow River dam/reservoir project. The authors conclude that the project, as planned, should provide an optimal mix of both economic and environmental benefits.This paper is modified from a presentation given to the 1993 Annual Meeting of the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) in Shanghai, China. 相似文献
82.
Jian ZHANG Fei MENG Yifeng LU Yuming JING Huayong ZHANG Bo ZHANG Chenglu ZHANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(3):306-310
To evaluate the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation on the eastern route of the South-to-North Water Transfer
Project, species composition, coverage, height, and biomass of wetland communities at 22 sites of the study area on the shore
of Nansi Lake in April and May 2007 were investigated. The wetlands under investigation were divided into platform fields,
transition zones, and shallow water zones according to differences in elevations, water levels, and human activities. The
species richness index, Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and Pielou Evenness index were adopted to delineate and discuss
the ecological effects of lakeshore wetland rehabilitation in 22 quadrates. Results showed that the species richness of the
wetland areas after 2 years’ rehabilitation amounted to 47 of 24 families, higher than 25 of 20 families in areas without
rehabilitation. The biodiversity index and abundance index of rehabilitated areas were also higher than those of platform
fields and fish ponds where there was no rehabilitation. In addition, the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, and community
evenness index of platform fields in rehabilitated wetland areas were 1.619, 0.745, and 0.860, respectively, higher than those
of the platform fields before rehabilitating. The results suggested that the constructed lakeshore wetland played an important
role in protecting the diversity of species. 相似文献
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84.
Li Chen Yuming Wang Peiwu Li Yaqin Ji Shaofei Kong Zhiyong Li Zhipeng Bai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(7):1251-1258
Advancing the understanding of the spatial aspects of air pollution in the city regional environment is an area where improved methods can be of great benefit to exposure assessment and policy support. We created land use regression (LUR) models for SO2, NO2 and PM10 for Tianjin, China. Traffic volumes, road networks, land use data, population density, meteorological conditions, physical conditions and satellite-derived greenness, brightness and wetness were used for predicting SO2, NO2 and PM10 concentrations. We incorporated data on industrial point sources to improve LUR model performance. In order to consider the impact of different sources, we calculated the PSIndex, LSIndex and area of different land use types (agricultural land, industrial land, commercial land, residential land, green space and water area) within different buffer radii (1 to 20 km). This method makes up for the lack of consideration of source impact based on the LUR model. Remote sensing-derived variables were significantly correlated with gaseous pollutant concentrations such as SO2 and NO2. R2 values of the multiple linear regression equations for SO2, NO2 and PM10 were 0.78, 0.89 and 0.84, respectively, and the RMSE values were 0.32, 0.18 and 0.21, respectively. Model predictions at validation monitoring sites went well with predictions generally within 15% of measured values. Compared to the relationship between dependent variables and simple variables (such as traffic variables or meteorological condition variables), the relationship between dependent variables and integrated variables was more consistent with a linear relationship. Such integration has a discernable influence on both the overall model prediction and health effects assessment on the spatial distribution of air pollution in the city region. 相似文献
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87.
高盐工业废水人工湿地处理中植物的筛选 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过人工湿地中试实验,考察了芦苇、睡莲、水葱、狭叶香蒲和宽叶香蒲水生植物单元对经生化处理的石油和精细化工工业区的工业废水中盐含量较高、氮磷营养盐含量较低和化学需氧量(COD)含量较高的废水中污染物的去除情况,研究了在植物不同生长阶段系统中COD的去除同盐度之间的关系,探讨了盐度差异对植物生长状况的影响,为确定人工湿地适合的进水盐度,达到有效去除高含盐量工业废水中有机污染物提供依据。结果表明,芦苇、睡莲和狭叶香蒲3种植物单元内高含盐量工业废水中污染物的净化效果较水葱和宽叶香蒲单元的净化效果好:前3种植物单元内COD、生化需氧量(BOD)和总磷(TP)的去除率大约在38%、55%和62%左右,而水葱和宽叶香蒲2种植物单元内COD、BOD和TP的去除率大约在30%、36%和52%左右;系统中各个单元内总氮(TN)去除率都在85%以上。在植物的不同生长阶段,人工湿地系统中氯离子浓度与COD浓度之间的相关性存在差异:植物生长初期,系统中氯离子浓度与系统中COD浓度之间无显著相关性,而在植物生长旺期和末期,两者则成正相关关系。因此,需根据植物的生长阶段调整人工湿地的进水盐度。 相似文献
88.
丙烯酸/烯丙基壬基酚聚醚硫酸铵无磷阻垢剂制备及性能 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以过硫酸铵为引发剂,丙烯酸(AA)和烯丙基壬基酚聚醚硫酸铵(TS-10,10为乙烯基重复单元数)为单体合成了TS-10/AA聚合物阻垢剂。利用红外光谱对共聚物结构进行了表征。采用静态阻垢方法探讨了单体配比、阻垢剂用量以及溶液中Fe2+、Ca2+、PO43-、杀生剂和溶液pH值对共聚物阻磷酸钙垢性能的影响,结果表明单体TS-10与AA质量比为3∶1合成的TS-10/AA阻垢剂阻磷酸钙效果最佳。阻垢剂TS-10/AA在高Fe2+、高Ca2+、高pH值条件下具有优异的阻磷酸钙垢性能,与异噻唑啉酮杀生剂有很好的配伍性。阻垢剂TS-10/AA用量存在临界值效应,在8 mg/L时,阻磷酸钙垢为99.3%。扫描电镜表明,阻垢剂TS-10/AA改变磷酸钙的晶型和松散度。TS-10/AA的高效阻磷酸钙垢性能是源于其侧链上含有强亲水性的聚醚结构以及大量的—COO-离子且易与循环水系统中存在的钙离子发生作用。实验结果表明,TS-10/AA是一种性能优异的循环冷却水用阻垢剂。 相似文献
89.
氯氰菊酯对唐鱼肝和鳃组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在实验室条件下采用静水法生物测试,研究了氯氰菊酯对唐鱼(Tanichthys albonubes)的急性毒性及其对肝和鳃组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。结果表明,氯氰菊酯对唐鱼24、48、72、96h半致死浓度分别为27.27、15.94、10.13、6.61μg·L-1;经1、3、5μg·L-1浓度处理6、12、24、48、72h,结果显示唐鱼SOD在低浓度氯氰菊酯的胁迫下呈现明显的浓度效应关系,将唐鱼SOD作为农药等污染物的污染指标具有重要的应用前景,为安全使用农药和防止水体污染提供有益的理论参考依据。 相似文献
90.