载镧磁性水热生物炭的制备及其除磷性能

将小麦秸秆在水热条件下(220℃)炭化2 h得到水热生物炭(HTC),以HTC为载体,通过一步共沉淀法制备了一种吸附容量高、易于磁分离回收的载镧磁性水热生物炭复合材料(La-MHTC).通过等温线和动力学等吸附实验方法,研究了该材料对磷酸根的吸附特性,考察了载镧量、初始pH和共存离子等因素对磷酸根吸附过程的影响.结果表明La~(3+)∶Fe~(3+)为2∶1时,材料(2-La-MHTC)具有良好的吸附磷酸根的能力;在吸附剂投加量为0. 1 g·L~(-1),pH为7时,对磷酸盐吸附量达到100. 25mg·g~(-1);吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,吸附动力学过程遵循准二级动力学,并且吸附不受其它离子的影响(在Cl~-、NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)等共存离子体系磷酸盐去除率达到98%),在较广的pH(3～10)范围都具有良好的吸磷能力.吸附的磷酸根可用NaOH溶液解吸,5次吸附-脱附循环实验中磷酸盐去除率均能达到90%以上,脱附效率为65%左右,说明该吸附剂具有良好的脱附和重复利用能力.应用其处理实际含磷污水,可将磷酸盐浓度从0. 87 mg·L~(-1)降低到0. 05 mg·L~(-1).吸附机制主要为静电吸附作用和La(OH)_3与磷酸盐通过配体交换形成内层络合物.     

华东典型城市非道路移动机械排气烟度

在华东地区典型城市开展了超过900台非道路移动机械的排气烟度实测工作,结合测试机械的属性调查,分析汇总了现阶段各类机械的排气烟度范围(包括光吸收系数和林格曼黑度),并定量研究了机械出厂年限、机械功率、测试工况及油品差异对机械排气烟度的影响.结果表明,在自由加速工况下,实测非道路移动机械的排气烟度为(1. 02±0. 57) m~(-1),林格曼黑度等级为2. 10±0. 19(无量纲),各类机械超过国家标准GB 36886-2018中关于烟度I限值比例为12%～25%; 80%的机械启动烟度大于自由加速烟度,且各类机械启动烟度约为自由加速排气烟度的2倍;与普通柴油相比,使用车用柴油可少量削减机械排气烟度均值,可显著削减或抑制排气烟度高值.启动时喷油量瞬间增加过快与油品质量较差可直接影响非道路用柴油机的排气烟度.     

黄磷尾气生产甲酸中尾气净化试验研究

通过综合研究试验筛选,研发专门适用以黄磷生产中外排废尾气为原料,匹配当今较先进的甲酸甲酯水解法(改进工艺)生产具有广泛用途和良好市场前景的环保型有机强酸———甲酸,完全满足优级甲酸生产的气体净化、提纯、提浓工艺技术,且安全可靠,经济合理。     

Application of hinokitiol potassium salt for wood preservative

The decay of wood and other cellulosic materials by fungi cause significant economic loss. The widely used chromated copper arsenate was prohibited for the environmental impact and safety of arsenic and chromium. It was found that natural product hinokitiol (HK) had fungicidal and insecticidal activities, and its toxicity was bearable for the environment. We described the practical synthesis of HK-K salt. According to the GB/T18261-2000 and LY/T1283-1998, wood preservative performance of HK-K salt was tested. The results showed that the best inhibitory concentration of HK-K salt was 50 mg/L, for which the prevention effectiveness on mold is better, the killed value is between 0 and 1, and the corrosion-resistant for wood-rotting fungi is grade A.     

欧美绿色供应链发展经验及启示

随着工业化、城市化的飞速发展,我国经济社会面临的资源环境瓶颈约束日益突出,实现经济发展和环境保护的同步推进是当前工作的重要内容,环境保护将扮演更为重要的角色。实施绿色供应链管理有利于改善高能耗高污染问题,提高企业生产效率,增强核心竞争力,促进企业和社会的可持续发展。欧盟和美国在推行绿色供应链管理方面成果显著,汲取其先进的政策和实践经验,对中国推进绿色供应链具有重要的借鉴意义。     

基于GM(1,1)模型的铜绿山矿井水害预测与防治

本文针对铜绿山矿区复杂的水文地质条件,分析了其含水层和隔水层的分布特征以及矿井突水原因和充水因素,同时在分析矿井涌水影响因素复杂机理的基础上,建立了灰色GM(1,1)预测模型,预测了未来涌水量的发展变化趋势,并针对矿区水害威胁源的实际情况,提出了在青山河流域、南北露采坑、井下同时开展综合防治水的措施,以为矿山的安全生产提供依据。     

P对小麦Cd和As吸收与转运的影响

为了探究磷（P）对小麦幼苗镉（Cd）和砷（As）吸收转运生理机制的影响,通过水培试验,以百农207为供试材料,研究了Cd和As胁迫条件下,外源供P和缺P处理对小麦幼苗生长、根系形态、光合参数、抗氧化系统、离子含量和根茎转移系数的影响.结果表明,与缺P处理相比,外源P供应显著增加As胁迫下小麦幼苗叶绿素的含量,促进根系的生长发育,提高了生物量,而对Cd胁迫下小麦幼苗的生长影响不显著.外源P供应时显著增加了Cd胁迫条件下根系的P和Cd含量,降低了地上部的P和Cd含量;同时显著提高了As胁迫条件下地上部的P和As含量以及As向地上部的转移系数.因此,供P与否对小麦幼苗Cd和As毒害的影响表现出明显的差异性;As胁迫时,外源供P提高了As向地上部的转运能力以及根系的CAT活性,降低了As对小麦的毒害,从而促进了小麦幼苗生物量的累积;而在Cd胁迫条件下,P与Cd之间表现出一定的协同效应,外源供P在一定程度上加重了Cd对小麦的毒害效应.     

Sorption mechanism of naphthalene by diesel soot: Insight from displacement with phenanthrene/p-nitrophenol

The nonlinear sorption of hydrophobic organic contaminants (HOCs) could be changed to linear sorption by the suppression of coexisting solutes in natural system, resulting in the enhancement of mobility, bioavailability and risks of HOCs in the environment. In previous study, inspired from the competitive adsorption on activated carbon (AC), the displaceable fraction of HOCs sorption to soot by competitor was attributed to the adsorption on elemental carbon fraction of soot (EC-Soot), while the linear and nondisplaceable fraction was attributed to the partition in authigenic organic matter of soot (OM-Soot). In this study, however, we observed that the linear and nondisplaceable fraction of HOC (naphthalene) to a diesel soot (D-Soot) by competitor (phenanthrene or p-nitrophenol) should be attributed to not only the linear partition in OM-Soot, but also the residual linear adsorption on EC-Soot. We also observed that the competition on the surface of soot dominated by external surface was different from that of AC dominated by micropore surface, i.e., complete displacement of HOCs by p-nitrophenol could occur for the micropore surface of AC, but not for the external surface of soot. These observations were obtained through the separation of EC-Soot and OM-Soot from D-Soot with organic-solvent extraction and the sorption comparisons of D-Soot with an AC (ACF300) and a multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT30). The obtained results would give new insights to the sorption mechanisms of HOCs by soot and help to assess their environmental risks.     

污泥热水解滤液作污水反硝化碳源的脱氮性能

以污泥热水解滤液作为外加碳源,通过对SBR反应器脱氮效果、碳氮平衡及活性污泥EPS的分析,探究了污泥热水解滤液的脱氮性能,并与传统碳源乙酸钠进行了比较.结果表明,污泥热水解滤液和乙酸钠作为碳源可将出水TN从27.64mg/L分别降至12.05mg/L和7.98mg/L,说明两种碳源的投加均能强化反硝化过程;通过碳氮平衡分析可以看出,未加入碳源时污水TN去除率只有47.83%,加入热水解滤液后污水的TN去除率达到了81.30%,且滤液增加的氮负荷远远小于滤液作为外加碳源去除污水中TN的量;加入热水解滤液和乙酸钠时,活性污泥的EPS均有增加,但乙酸钠为碳源时的EPS含量更高,而EPS的增加引起了污泥SVI的增大.