Lake area changes in the middle Yangtze region of China over the 20th century

The Jianghan Plain and the Dongting lake area, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River are famous for their abundant freshwater lakes. The lakes have undergone changes in size and number over thousands of years due to natural causes and human activities. The 20th century particularly, witnessed dramatic changes in the freshwater resources of this region. This paper traces and analyzes lake evolution in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River over the past century. Lakes greater than 0.1 km(2) in size are mapped using Geographic Information System. Data is acquired and integrated from drainage network maps, relief maps, historical maps and remotely sensed images for different time periods. The results indicate that while there has been little change in the number of lakes over the past century, the lake area has experienced a dramatic decrease of 58.06%. The paper also examines the natural processes and human activities that may have contributed to the decrease in lake area. The results show that the decrease in total lake area appears to coincide with periods of rapid land reclamation in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Moreover, uncontrolled land reclamation activities can create an increase in sediment deposition in lakes thereby further reducing the lake size. Reduction of the lake area directly affects flood-control and has a negative ecological impact on the environment and on human life and property.     

矿山地质环境安全评估的Bayes判别分析法及应用

从矿山地质环境的实际特性出发,应用Bayes判别分析方法评估矿山地质环境问题。选用13项影响矿山地质环境的区域地质条件、环境现状、矿产资源开发规划、生态恢复治理状况的具体评估指标,以大量实测资料作为学习样本,并按各总体的样本比例确定先验概率,建立了矿山地质环境评估的Bayes判别分析模型。将该模型用于预测样本的评估中,采用回代估计法对判别结果进行验证,误判率为零,判别结果和实际一致。研究结果表明,Bayes判别分析模型是一种结构稳定、判别准确率很高的评估模型,能够用于矿山地质环境的评估。     

醇胺类物质促进飞灰中氯代芳烃加氢脱氯的研究

分别以三乙醇胺(TEA)和一乙醇胺(MEA)作为氢源,六氯苯(HCB)作为模型化合物,研究了在密闭体系下飞灰中氯代芳烃的加氢脱氯作用.考察了TEA或MEA添加量、热处理温度和时间对脱氯效率的影响,证实有明显的脱氯反应发生.当MEA或TEA添加量为8%时,经过250℃,2 h热处理,脱氯效率分别可达94.7%和78.6%...     

Recycling of tailings from Korea Molybdenum Corporation as admixture for high-fluidity concrete

The main objective of this study is to develop an eco-friendly and a large recycling technique of flotation Tailings from korea (TK) from metal mines as construction materials such as admixtures for high-fluidity concrete (HFC). TK used in this study was obtained from the Korea Molybdenum Corporation in operation. TK was used as the alternative material to adjust flowability and viscosity of HFC in the form of powder agent which enables adjustment of concrete compressive strength. In this study, we have performed concrete rheological tests and concrete flowability tests to obtain the quality characteristics of TK for using as the admixture in producing HFC. The results indicated that the adequate mix ratio of cement to TK should be 8:2 (vol%). It is more effective to use the TK as admixture to control flowability, viscosity and strength of HFC than the normal concrete. It was found that TK could be recycled construction materials in bulk such as admixture for HFC, in terms of the economic and eco-friendly aspects.     

二氧化碳地质储存动态监测研究

将化石燃料燃烧产生的CO2进行储存,是当前减缓温室效应的有效途径之一.为了保证储存的有效性、安全性和持久性,必须开展科学、严格的监测,从而为整个储存工程的成功提供重要技术支撑.详细阐述了当前CO2地质储存采用的各项动态监测技术与方法.     

Role of Rh promoter on increasing stability of Au/Al2O3 catalyst for CO oxidation at low temperature

The Au/Al₂O₃ and Au–Rh/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by deposition–precipitation. The promotional effect of Rh on the performance of the Au/Al₂O₃ catalyst for CO oxidation was studied. The results indicate that using Au/Al₂O₃ catalyst, CO can be completely oxidized at 0°C or much lower temperature but the catalyst deactivated very fast. Rh can improve the stability of Au/Al₂O₃ catalyst more than 10 times, which gives an important hint to develop high stable catalyst for CO oxidation at low temperature.     

Framework for integration of urban planning, strategic environmental assessment and ecological planning for urban sustainability within the context of China

Sustainable development or sustainability has been highlighted as an essential principle in urban master planning, with increasing recognition that uncontrollable urbanization may well give rise to various issues such as overexploitation of natural resources, ecosystem destruction, environmental pollution and large-scale climate change. Thus, it is deemed necessary to modify the existing urban and regional administrative system so as to cope with the challenges urban planning is being confronted with and realize the purpose of urban sustainability. This paper contributed to proposing a mechanism which helps to make urban planning with full consideration of issues with respect to sustainable development. We suggested that the integration of urban planning, SEA and ecological planning be a multi-win strategy to offset deficiency of each mentioned political tool being individually applied. We also proposed a framework where SEA and ecological planning are fully incorporated into urban planning, which forms a two-way constraint mechanism to ascertain environmental quality of urban planning, although in practice, planning and SEA processes may conditionally be unified. Moreover, as shown in the case study, the integration of the three political tools may be constrained due to slow changes in the contextual factors, in particular the political and cultural dimensions. Currently within the context of China, there may be three major elements which facilitate integration of the three political tools, which are (1) regulatory requirement of PEIA on urban planning, (2) the promotion or strong administrative support from government on eco-district building, and (3) the willingness of urban planners to collaborate with SEA experts or ecologists.     

溶解性有机物(DOM)与区域土地利用的关系:基于三维荧光-平行因子分析(EEM-PARAFAC)

溶解性有机物（DOM）是水体质量的综合性指标,反映了流域内经济发展和治理保护等多方面因素,可为流域水体保护提供依据.本研究采集了宁波市4个不同城市化程度的区域内的河流样本,运用三维荧光结合平行因子分析法（EEM-PARAFAC）对水体中DOM进行解析,探讨了区域土地利用与DOM的关系.结果表明城市化在含量和组成两方面影响了流域水体中DOM的特征.城市区域（DOC=3.18 mg·L^-1）和城乡结合区域（DOC=7.45 mg·L^-1）水体中DOM的浓度远高于城市化程度较低的农村区域（DOC为2.16~2.62 mg·L^-1,ANOVA,P<0.001）.EEM-PARAFAC解析得到7个荧光组分,主要可归为类腐殖质和类蛋白质类物质.其中,城市区域DOM以类腐殖质物质为主,占比达到61.3%;而城乡结合区域由于受到更多的生活污水排放影响,类蛋白质物质的比例最高为59.4%;相比之下,农村区域虽然DOM浓度相对较低,但类腐殖质物质占比达63.6%~65.7%,面源污染是主要原因.主成分分析表明城市化发展对水质具有重要影响,在城市化初期污染主要来源于生活和工业污染源,当城市化到一定水平污染物更多来源于路面径流.本研究表明EEM-PARAFAC可以半定量辨析水体污染源,可为不同的区域水质恢复与治水策略制定提供针对性数据支撑.     

邛海水体富营养化的综合评价

为了研究近年来邛海水质的富营养化状况,本文以2010年邛海4个水质监测点水质监测资料为基础,采用模糊数学的方法对邛海营养状态进行综合评价。结果表明,邛海水质在青龙寺、二水厂和海河口属于贫营养,在公园属于中营养,说明近年来随着邛海及周边环境治理工程的加强,水体富营养化得到一定的遏制。