A comparative study of the effect of clay binders on iron oxide sorbent in the high-temperature removal of hydrogen sulfide

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of clay binder, an important additive, on the performance of iron oxide sorbent in high temperature coal gas desulfurization. The four clay binders chosen for the study were kaolinite, diatomite, bentonite and brick clay. The sulfidation–regeneration cycles were conducted in a fixed-bed reactor. XRD, DTA and FTIR, together with texture characterizing techniques, such as mercury porosimetry and nitrogen adsorption, were adopted to characterize the sorbents and raw materials. The results obtained show that sorbents prepared from various clay binders exhibit different breakthrough behaviors. In addition, a correlation between pore volume and sulfur capacity reveals that sorbents with a greater number of pores larger than 200 nm (diameter), exhibit higher sulfur capacity. The reason for this is that a greater number of large pores can improve diffusion and provide a larger space for relieving heat impact. However, too many large pores may result in weak strength and very low bulk density, thus a balance between large pores and the density must be achieved. This study also reveals that clay binder can contribute to the modification of a sorbent's texture as gas is released when the mineral structure changes during calcination. In addition, a clay mineral with an active interlayer has been shown to be beneficial in improving the dispersion of active components in the sorbent, because of the existence of an interaction between the mineral and red mud.     

港口环境风险管理探——以天津港为例

中国是一个海洋大国,海洋和港口的环境保护得到了国家的高度重视.港口的环境风险防范管理是一个较新的研究领域,当前中国港口经济的高速增长必然带来港口环境风险的增加,对风险进行有效地评价和管理对国家的经济发展和环境保护具有重要意义.本文对天津港环境风险管理的过程进行了较为系统的探讨,分析了天津港环境风险管理技术思路和主要内容,对天津港存在的环境风险因子做了识别,并对环境风险的评估方法做了针对性总结,为港口的风险防范措施提供了一些建议.     

皮江法炼镁行业清洁生产评价方法研究

文章在查阅大量国内外相关统计数据、国家行业标准及对镁行业专家进行咨询基础上,确定了指标体系中各指标的国际先进水平、国内先进水平、国内一般水平、淘汰水平四个等级的标准值。采用层次分析法确定指标权重,将专家意见和分析者的判断直接而有效的综合起来,在此基础上,采用模糊数学中的综合评判方法进行定量分析,并运用"最大隶属度"原则进行评价,判断出清洁生产水平等级和存在问题的环节。     

皮江法炼镁行业清洁生产指标体系建立

通过对皮江法炼镁行业生产工艺的深入分析,按照内容全面兼具科学性、简洁性和开放性的设计原则下,结合理论分析、专家咨询、频度统计法等方法初步提出皮江法炼镁行业的清洁生产指标体系.该指标体系包括定性指标、定量指标两大类,其中定性指标分为环境管理与安全卫生、原材料质量、工艺技术特征、污染物排放情况四个一级指标,定量指标分为资源消耗,能源消耗、综合利用、工艺技术、污染物排放五个一级指标.     

流动注射分析仪测定水体中的挥发酚

采用QuikChem 8500 FIA流动注射法对水体中挥发酚进行测定,标准曲线的相关系数达到0.99999,检出限为1.066μg/L,对两种浓度的标准样品分析,测得值均在其保证值范围内,用FIA法与化学法做分析对比,相关系数为0.9995,适用于清洁水和废水样品测定;将FIA法与化学法的两种试剂种类和用量作比较,FIA法是一种高效、准确、可靠安全的方法。     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983-2007

The interaction between pollution sources change and implementation of air pollution control measures was the main driving factor that caused the variation in air quality.     

Ambient air quality trends and driving factor analysis in Beijing, 1983–2007

The rapid development in Beijing, the capital of China, has resulted in serious air pollution problems. Meanwhile great efforts have been made to improve the air quality, especially since 1998. The variation in air quality under the interaction of pollution and control in this mega city has attracted much attention. We analyzed the changes in ambient air quality in Beijing since the 1980’s using the Daniel trend test based on data from long-term monitoring stations. The results showed that different polluta...     

Development and demonstration of fuel cell vehicles and supporting infrastructure in China

The demand for urban transportation in China, including cars, motorbikes, buses, and trains, is growing substantially. China’s transportation fleet is projected to expand from 16 to 94 million vehicles between 2000 and 2020, with liquid and electricity transport fuel demand growing from about 5 Quadrillion British Thermal Units (Quads) to over 20 Quads in 2035. In response to energy security, economic growth and environmental protection needs, Chinese government agencies, academia and the private sector have organized their programs and investments to advance development and demonstration of sustainable alternative transportation systems. This analysis surveys historic development of fuel cell vehicle (FCV) including fuel cell buses (FCB) technology in China, summarizes recent efforts to scale-up FCV development and associated infrastructure in major Chinese cities, and briefly addresses future directions in Chinese fuel cell and hydrogen energy technology development. Since the late 1990’s, Chinese universities, government institutions and the private sector have implemented research, development, demonstration and deployment programs for electric (EV), fuel cell (FCV), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). These efforts have advanced the feasibility of FCVs to be a part of sustainable urban transportation system, including technical performance, infrastructure, and customer acceptance. Three generations of FCVs, START I, START II and START III have been developed, demonstrated and deployed. Similarly, several generations of FCBs have been developed and demonstrated. Collectively, these efforts have demonstrated and deployed over 1,000 FCBs and FCVs in several Chinese cities. Large-scale, intensive-use FCV and FCB demonstration trials, including those during the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai World Exposition (EXPO), have been successfully built and operated. Infrastructure, such as hydrogen production facilities, fuelling stations, and maintenance stations have been constructed and operated to support the fleets of FCBs and FCVs. Experiences learned from these FCV research, development, and demonstration activities are the foundation for scaling up infrastructure and fleet trials in a growing number of cities in eastern and western China. An aggressive research and development vision and 2020 technology performance targets provide a foundation for the next generation of EVs, FCVs and HEVs, and, options for China’s efforts to develop a portfolio of sustainable transportation systems.     

基于GIS广西酸雨区域分布及变化特征分析

利用广西13个酸雨监测站2005—2009年监测资料,结合GIS空间分析功能,探索了广西酸雨的空间分布特征和变化规律,旨在为当地酸雨研究、预防预测和综合治理提供客观科学的理论依据。结果表明:广西酸雨主要分布在中北部地区,酸雨带呈西北-东南走向。酸雨强度最大的城市为河池、来宾和贺州,其降水平均pH值<4.8,酸雨出现频率最高的城市为河池,其发生频率>70%;酸雨强度最弱,出现频率最低的城市为北海和钦州,其降水平均pH值>6.0,发生频率<2%。     

加强对现代住宅建筑隔声问题的重视

通过对噪声在人们日常生活中的影响与干扰,分析了目前建筑业在开发房地产时忽略噪声这一问题的主要原因,明确指出房地产开发商应将噪声控制在人们对居住环境达到满意或者基本满意,给居民一个优雅、安静的生存环境。